SENSATION & PERCEPTION

1. SENSATION & PERCEPTION

2. Name the 7 senses. • Taste (gustation) • Touch (tactile) • Smell (Olfaction) • Vision • Hearing (audition) • Balance (vestibular) • Kinesthesis (movement)

3. What parts of the eye is responsible for each of the following: • Protects the eye from dust, etc. • Allows light into the eye • Adjusts (dialates/constricts) the amount of light • Focuses the incoming light onto the retina • Cornea • Pupil • Iris • Lens

4. What is your retina’s center focus point and what receptors that pick up colors and details are clustered around it? • Fovea • Cones

5. What receptors in your retina detect black, white, & gray and are best in dim light (also peripheral vision)? • Rods

6. What is the transforming of stimulus energies (like sights, sounds, smells) into neural impulses our brains can interpret called? • Transduction

7. Your retina sends messages to the brain through what? • What part of the brain must it pass through before being processed? • Optic Nerve • Thalamus

8. In what area of your brain is vision processed (2 parts)? • Occipital Lobes • Visual Cortex

9. What is the place where your optic nerves cross to deliver information to the opposite hemisphere? • Optic Chiasma

10. What nerve cells pick up motion, shapes, lines, etc…? • Feature Detectors

11. What theory of color argues that there are 3 color receptors and the combinations of them make millions of colors? • Young-Helmholtz Trichromatic Color Theory • Make sure you also know the Opponent Process Theory & after images

12. What type of deafness occurs with damage to the middle or outer ear (eardrum, ossicles…)? • Conduction Hearing Loss

13. What type of deafness is due to damage to hair cells or nerves of the inner ear? • Sensorineural • Can be caused by disease, loud noises… • Cochlear Implants

14. What theory argues that pain is felt when small nerve fibers in the spinal cord are stimulated? • Gate Control Theory of Pain

15. What are the 5 taste sensations? • Sweet • Sour • Salty • Bitter • Umami

16. Our senses working together to interpret the world around us is called? • Sensory Interaction

17. Where is our equilibrium that controls our sense of balance located? • Inner Ears

18. What sense produces the strongest emotional reaction and why? • Smell-direct link to the brain near the limbic system (no thalamus)

19. What are the 2 types of perceptual processing? • Which one is due to our prior knowledge and schemas & our brain fills in the gaps? • Top Down-our brain tells us what it is then we look at details • Bottom Up-looking at details to put the “puzzle pieces” together

20. Our ability to focus our attention on a single talker while conversations and noise exist in the background is called… • Cocktail Party Phenomenon

21. Our conscious focus of awareness on stimuli is called…(we can only focus on one thing at a time) • Selective Attention

22. Mr. Boschman leaves the room and Mr. Abdullah comes in to fill in for him. You do not notice that you have a different teacher because you are so focused on the lab. What is this called? • Change Blindness • Remember Vegas?

23. You are driving and hit a man on a bike because you didn’t notice he was crossing the crosswalk. What is this an example of? • Inattentional Blindness • Remember the Penguin & Gorilla?

24. The minimum amount of light, sound, pressure, taste, or smell you need to detect it 50% of the time is called… • Absolute threshold

25. The smallest amount of change in a stimulus needed before we actually detect a change is called… • Just Noticeable Difference (JND)

26. What rule says the greater the intensity of the stimulus the greater the change is needed to be noticed? • Ex: if you are listening to your tv at 90, you will need to turn it down by a lot more than if the volume were at 20. • Weber’s Law • Just remember Thalia handling all the $$$ 

27. If you were to see an object and understand it based on seeing the object against its background, you would be performing what process? • Figure-Ground Relationship

28. What branch of psychology argues that we look at the WHOLE picture (grouping) instead of focusing on parts? • Gestalt Psychology

29. What part of Gestalt Psychology is each of the following: • We group objects that are close together as being part of same group • We see objects as similar in appearance as being part of same group • Proximity & Similarity

30. Eleanor Gibson’s Visual Cliff experiments suggested that infants were capable of detecting what? • Depth perception

31. The difference in our vision between eyes is known as…(differences are greater as object gets closer to your eye) • You need both eyes to see what kinds of cues? • Retinal Disparity • Binocular Cues

32. What type of monocular cues are described in the following: • Parallel lines seem to meet in the distance • The smaller the object the farther away we think it is • If one object partially blocks another we think it’s closer • Linear Perspective • Relative Size • Interposition

33. What is the illusion that if 2 or more lights are blinking on and off we think it is bouncing back and forth? • Phi Phenomenon

34. We have the tendency to perceive things in a certain way. For example, Jacob believes in UFOs. He sees something in the sky and automatically thinks it is a UFO (even though it might be something else. What is this an example of? • Perceptual Set