Project on Cross-Dialectal Comprehension: Gating Experiment 2

1. Remnants of disappearing Southern dialect features: areas maintaining the distinction of four vs. for, dew vs. do, which vs. witch and vocalization of /r/

2. Project on Cross-Dialectal Comprehension: Gating Experiment 2 Word Phrase Sentence 1. _________ ________________ ___________________________ 2. _________ ________________ ___________________________ 3. _________ ________________ ___________________________ 4. _________ ________________ ___________________________ 5. _________ ________________ ___________________________ 6. _________ ________________ ___________________________ 7. _________ ________________ ___________________________ 8. _________ ________________ ___________________________ 9. _________ ________________ ___________________________ 10. ________ ________________ ___________________________

3. The Southern Shift sit seat set sat ate sight

4. The Southern Shift hit kids beatin’ set bed Danny grade Guy wipin’

5. The Southern Shift

6. The Southern Shift in the vowel system of Thelma M., 31, Birmingham, TS 341

7. The Southern Shift in the vowel system of Thelma M., 31, Birmingham, TS 341

8. The Southern Shift in the vowel system of Lucy C., 35, Chattanooga, Tennessee, TS 612

9. The Southern Shift in the vowel system of Lucy C., 35, Chattanooga, Tennessee, TS 612

10. The Southern Shift hit kids beatin’ beatin’ set bed grade Danny Guy wipin’

11. Monophthongal /ay/ in five of Belle M., 67 [1995], Birmingham TS 340

12. Monophthongal /ay/ in five of Sheldon M, 31, [1996], Lubbock TX, TS 542

13. Monophthongal /ay/ in five of Matthew D., 45, [1996], Charlotte NC, TS 483

14. Map 18.2. The South defined by monophthongization of /ay/

15. Fig. 18.1. Percent monophthongization of /ay/

16. Map 18.4. Monophthongization of /ay/ in 1940s and 1990s

17. Map 18.6. Stages 2 and 3 of the Southern Shift

18. Fig. 18.2. Outer limits of stage 1 of the Southern Shift

19. Figure 18.2. The second stage of the Southern Shift

20. Stage 2 of the Southern Shift

21. Figure 18.4. The third stage of the Southern Shift

22. Fig. 18.9. The Southern Shift of /ay/, /ey/ and /iy/ highlighted in the normalized means of 402 Telsur speakers displayed by Plotnik Major

23. Fig. 18.6. Percent back upglide with /oh/

24. Figure 18.5. The Southern Shift and the low back upglide

25. Fig. 18.6. Percent back upglide with /oh/

26. The Southern Shift sit seat set sat ate Southern England, Australia, New Zealand, Outer Banks (U.S.) sight Southern U.S.

27. Southern Shift correlations

28. Areas of borderers settlement[Hackett 1989]

29. Settlement patterns of four regional cultures Yankee Virginia Quaker Upland South Settlement Towns Plantations Farm Isolated villages clusters House location Roadside Setback Corner- Creek clusters & spring Internal Low Moderate High Very high migration Persistence 75-96% 50-75% 40-60% 25-40% David Hackett Fisher, Albion’s Seed, p. 814

30. Slave and free states

31. Confederate States of America[light green: claimed but no formal control

32. The Midland and South re-defined on the basis of phonology