Material Properties – Paper & Boards

1. LESSON 4/5 Material Properties – Paper & Boards • Within this lesson you will cover: • Develop an understanding of different finishes which can be applied to both paper and board to enhance their appearance and/or improve function. • Understand the MAIN properties and uses of paper and boards.

2. Objective - Learner will gain knowledge and understanding of different finishes which can be applied to paper & boards to improve them. DO NOW ACTIVITY Which would be most suitable for making a model of a building and why? Due to… Because… Therefore… As a result of… Excellence: Why might architects prefer this material over the others?

3. Objective - Learner will gain knowledge and understanding of different finishes which can be applied to paper & boards to improve them. DO NOW ACTIVITY Which would be most suitable for making a model of a building and why? Due to… Because… Therefore… As a result of… Excellence: Why might architects prefer this material over the others?

4. Objective - Learner will gain knowledge and understanding of different finishes which can be applied to paper & boards to improve them. PAPER/BOARD FINISHES Papers Properties & Uses Most important properties for papers are: • BRIGHTNESS (degree to which they reflect light) • COLOUR • OPACITY • GLOSS To do this a finish needs to be applied to the paper and board material.

5. Objective - Learner will gain knowledge and understanding of different finishes which can be applied to paper & boards to improve them. PAPER/BOARD FINISHES Strength & Durability Strength of paper is determined by: • Strength of individual fibres • Average length of fibre • Strength of bonds between fibres • Structure of the paper Strength rapidly decreases with the increase of moisture- which breaks down the inter-fibre bonding.

6. Objective - Learner will gain knowledge and understanding of different finishes which can be applied to paper & boards to improve them. PAPER/BOARD FINISHES Tensile Strength • Most papers require a certain minimum strength to withstand the production process: including printing, embossing and folding, as well as handling. Bending strength • The thinner the sheet, the more flexible and light it is; conversely the thicker and heavier the paper is, the more stiff it is. Porosity • Is reduced with the addition of size to the paper. Greaseproof paper is made by beating the paper, resulting in a dense sheet with very little porosity.

7. Objective - Learner will gain knowledge and understanding of different finishes which can be applied to paper & boards to improve them. PAPER/BOARD FINISHES • Finishing • Finishing refers to all the activities that are performed on printed material after printing. This includes binding, the fastening of individual sheets together, and decorative processes such as die-stamping, embossing or laminating. • Finishing can be: • An in-line process – which means that units attached to the end of the printing press perform the finishing operations. This is typically the case with web presses as well as many digital presses. • An off-line process – which means that printing and finishing are completely separate processes.

8. Objective - Learner will gain knowledge and understanding of different finishes which can be applied to paper & boards to improve them. PAPER/BOARD FINISHES Lamination is a thin POLYPROPYLENE FILM applied to the surface of the paper after printing via a roller. It provides the ultimate in protection & is available in both gloss and matte. The sheen & texture of lamination is much more pronounced than varnish, and gloss lamination is very shiny, while matte lamination is very smooth. Perfect bound and case bound books should always use a lamination for their covers to prevent any damage to the printed surface during the binding process. Laminating • Typical Applications • Food & drink packaging • Consumer goods packaging • Industrial packaging • Retail ready packaging https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kiJtulzdbHE

9. Objective - Learner will gain knowledge and understanding of different finishes which can be applied to paper & boards to improve them. PAPER/BOARD FINISHES Varnishing Varnish is a liquid finish applied via the printing press to seal in and protect the ink on the printed surface. It is available in gloss, matte, and UV, and is usually matched to the coating of the underlying paper. Varnish makes sense as a cover finish for saddle stitched products like comic books and magazines. Note: UV Varnish is very fragile when used as a cover finish, and can crack easily. For a high-gloss shine we recommend gloss lamination. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Al5Riz9r5vE

10. Objective - Learner will gain knowledge and understanding of different finishes which can be applied to paper & boards to improve them. PAPER/BOARD FINISHES Spot varnishing Spot varnish is a clear overprint varnish applied only to specific areas of a printed piece. It is often used to make a photograph pop off the page, highlight drop caps or create texture & subtle images on the page.  Spot varnish requires a plate for the press, just like the ones made for the ink colours. It also is used with spot ultra-violet (UV) coatings and spot aqueous (AQ) finishes. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x7HAVcxuq3I

11. Objective - Learner will gain knowledge and understanding of different finishes which can be applied to paper & boards to improve them. PAPER/BOARD FINISHES Foil blocking Foil blocking is a commercial print process using pigment or metallic foil to paper where a heated die (engraved metal piece) is stamped onto the foil, making it adhere to the surface & leaving the design of the die on the paper. The foil is often gold or silver, but can also be various patterns or what is known as pastel foil, which is a flat opaque colour. From the finalised design, metal dies are created in the appropriate shape for each colour foil to be applied. The dies are heated and then stamped with enough pressure to seal a thin layer of foil to the paper. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zEF0WMilG1k

12. Objective - Learner will gain knowledge and understanding of different finishes which can be applied to paper & boards to improve them. PAPER/BOARD FINISHES Embossing uses a die (personalized metal plate) to slightly raise images off the paper of your print piece. It creates a 3D effect that brings emphasis to whatever area you’re having embossed. You can emboss a range of products like business cards, greeting cards & invitations. Embossing is made using two dies, a “front” & a “back” that sandwich the paper and create the 3D effect. The most effective embossed pieces use a detailed die & heavier paper stock to highlight the depth & detail of the embossed graphics or images. Embossing https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TKcpLtNvHkI

13. Objective - Learner will gain knowledge and understanding of different finishes which can be applied to paper & boards to improve them. PAPER/BOARD FINISHES Debossing Debossing is the opposite of embossing. Debossing is when an image (logo, text, etc.) is imprinted into your print piece, creating a depressed effect. Just like embossing, you can choose to leave the debossed area untouched or fill it in with ink or foil stamping. Unlike embossing, debossing doesn’t interfere with the back of your print piece, giving you both sides to work with. It can be used on its own, or in conjunction with embossing. Embossing or debossing create the kind of printed pieces that stand out where others fall flat.

14. Objective - Learner will gain knowledge and understanding of different printing methods which can be applied to both paper & boards PRINTING FINISHES Using the knowledge you have learnt during todays lesson complete the table worksheet.

15. Paper & Board Finishes Processes.

16. Objective - Learner will gain knowledge and understanding of different printing methods which can be applied to both paper & boards HOMEWORK QUESTIONS Using the information learnt from todays lesson complete these exam style questions.

17. What could this be made from? (1 mark) Give two standard forms of this material. (2 marks) Why are materials sold in stock forms? (3 marks) Name a suitable material for the card. (1 mark) What is the source of the material & is it renewable? (2 marks) Give two properties of that material. (2 marks)

18. Objective - Learner will gain knowledge and understanding of different printing methods which can be applied to both paper & boards HOMEWORK ANSWERS What could this be made from? (1 mark) Give two standard forms of this material. (2 marks) Why are materials sold in stock forms? (3 marks) Card, Duplex Board (1 mark) Weight, colour, size, thickness (2 marks) Enable costing, transportation, manageable, ready for manufacture, wastage, standard forms driven by consumer demand (4 marks)

19. Objective - Learner will gain knowledge and understanding of different printing methods which can be applied to both paper & boards HOMEWORK ANSWERS Name a suitable material for the card. (1 mark) What is the source of the material and is it renewable? (2 marks) Give two properties of that material. (2 marks) Card (1 mark) Trees and plants – renewable (2 marks) Lightweight, can be printed on, can be folded easily. (2 marks)