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The Special Senses

The Special Senses. External Anatomy of the Eye. Lacrimal Apparatus of the Eye. Anatomy of the Eyeball. Accessory structures of the Eye from a sagittal view. Detail view of the anterior anatomy of the eye. Photomicroscopic view of the Histology of the Eye

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The Special Senses

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  1. The Special Senses

  2. External Anatomy of the Eye

  3. Lacrimal Apparatus of the Eye

  4. Anatomy of the Eyeball

  5. Accessory structures of the Eye from a sagittal view

  6. Detail view of the anterior anatomy of the eye

  7. Photomicroscopic view of the Histology of the Eye showing the location of the central fovea

  8. Intrinsic Eye Muscles and their response to light

  9. The Visual Pathway

  10. Light Refractory • Pathway: • Bulbar Conjunctiva • Cornea • Aqueous Humor • Lens • Vitreous Humor • Ganglion Cell Layer • Inner Synaptic Layer • Bipolar Layer • Outer Synaptic Layer • Photoreceptor Layer

  11. Abnormalities of • The Eye: • Myopic - • nearsighted • Hypermetropic - • Farsighted • Presbyopia - • age-related failure of • lens to accommodate • Astigmatism - • Distorted vision due to • irregular-shaped lens or • cornea • Color Blindness - • genetic defect that • causes dysfunction of • cones

  12. Accommodation of the Lens for near vision • Ciliary muscles contract • Ciliary body pulls forward and inward • Tension on suspensory ligaments of lens is decreased • Lens becomes thicker (rounder) due to its elasticity • Pupils constricts

  13. Accommodation of the Lens for far vision • Ciliary muscles relaxes • Ciliary body returns to its resting state, backward and outward • Tension on suspensory ligaments of lens is increased • Lens becomes thinner (flatter) due to its elasticity • Pupils dilate

  14. Anatomy of Rods and Cones

  15. Physiology of Rods and Photopigments

  16. Visual Pathway • Cones • Bipolar neurons • Ganglion cell’s axon forms the optic nerve • Optic nerve to the Optic Chiasm • Optic tract • Lateral geniculate nuclei of the thalamus • Optic Radiations • Primary visual areas of the occipital lobes

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