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Measurement of a possible signal for nitrogen starvation in a cyanobacterium-plant symbiosis

Measurement of a possible signal for nitrogen starvation in a cyanobacterium-plant symbiosis. Jeff Elhai. World Population. Green Revolution. Conventional wheat. High yield dwarf wheat. NH 3. NH 3. www.Isuagcenter.com. Chemical Fertilizer Production. $100's of $billions / year. N 2.

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Measurement of a possible signal for nitrogen starvation in a cyanobacterium-plant symbiosis

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  1. Measurement of a possible signal for nitrogen starvation in a cyanobacterium-plant symbiosis Jeff Elhai

  2. World Population

  3. Green Revolution Conventional wheat High yield dwarf wheat NH3 NH3 www.Isuagcenter.com

  4. Chemical Fertilizer Production $100's of $billions / year N2 NH3 8 fold Chemical production of NH3 Fixan PE, West FB (2002) Ambio 31:169-176.

  5. Downstream effects of fertilizer runnoff $100's of $billions / year N2 NH3 Dead Zones Low oxygen High oxygen What to do? NASA Visible Earth http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/

  6. Free and Clean Biological Fertilizer Production $100's of $billions / year N2 NH3 • Plant Symbiont • Cyanobacterial Symbiont • Nostoc punctiforme + N2 NH3 Anthoceros (bryophyte)

  7. Free and Clean Biological Fertilizer Production $100's of $billions / year N2 NH3 • Plant Symbiont • Cyanobacterial Symbiont • Nostoc punctiforme + N2 NH3 Cycads (gymnosperm)

  8. Free and Clean Gunnera (angiosperm) Biological Fertilizer Production $100's of $billions / year N2 NH3 • Plant Symbiont • Cyanobacterial Symbiont • Nostoc punctiforme + N2 NH3

  9. Free and Clean Biological Fertilizer Production $100's of $billions / year N2 NH3 • But not • Cyanobacterial Symbiont • Nostoc punctiforme + N2 NH3 Why not crop plants?

  10. N2 N2 NH3 NH3 How do symbiotic plants differ from others? A clue from free-living Nostoc? Plenty of Nitrogen Starving for Nitrogen NH3 NH3

  11. How does NH3 shut off N-fixation?

  12. How does NH3 shut off N-fixation? α-ketoglutarate Glutamine Glutamate + Glutamate AMINO ACIDS N2 NH3

  13. α-ketoglutarate Glutamine How does NH3 shut off N-fixation? α-ketoglutarate Glutamine Glutamate + Glutamate AMINO ACIDS N2 NH3

  14. Glutamine How does NH3 shut off N-fixation? Could plants use this to fool Nostoc? α-ketoglutarate Glutamine Glutamate + Glutamate AMINO ACIDS N2 NH3

  15. How does NH3 shut off N-fixation? Could plants use this to fool Nostoc? α-ketoglutarate Does Nostoc within plants have a high level of α-ketoglutarate?

  16. How to measure α-ketoglutarate inside cells? The hydromedusaAequoria victoria Source of GreenFluorescent Protein(GFP) CyanoFluorescent Protein(CFP) YellowFluorescent Protein(YFP)

  17. How to measure α-ketoglutarate inside cells? The hydromedusaAequoria victoria Source of GreenFluorescent Protein(GFP) CyanoFluorescent Protein(CFP) YellowFluorescent Protein(YFP)

  18. How to measure α-ketoglutarate inside cells? α-ketoglutarate CFP YFP

  19. How to measure α-ketoglutarate inside cells? α-ketoglutarate CFP YFP Yellow fluorescence α-ketoglutarate Blue fluorescence

  20. How to measure α-ketoglutarate inside cells? α-ketoglutarate CFP YFP Yellow fluorescence α-ketoglutarate Blue fluorescence

  21. How does NH3 shut off N-fixation? Could plants use this to fool Nostoc? α-ketoglutarate Does Nostoc within plants have a high level of α-ketoglutarate?

  22. How does NH3 shut off N-fixation? Could crop plants do the same? α-ketoglutarate Does Nostoc within plants have a high level of α-ketoglutarate?

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