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Types of Eye Care Specialists and the Tools They Use

Discover the different types of eye care professionals, including ophthalmologists and optometrists, and the tools they use for examinations and treatments. Learn about visual acuity testing, refraction techniques, external examinations, and posterior structure examinations.

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Types of Eye Care Specialists and the Tools They Use

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  1. Types of Eye Care Specialists and the Tools They Use

  2. Types of Eye Care Professionals • Ophthalmologist • MD • Prescribes medication • Performs surgery • Optometrist • OD • 4 years of post bachelor’s optometry school

  3. Optician • Technician • Makes and repairs glasses and contact lenses

  4. The Exam • Medical history • Visual acuity • Refraction • External examination • Pupillary testing • Examination of anterior structures • Examination of posterior structures

  5. Visual acuity testing • Charts • 20 foot Snellens • 10 foot HOTV • Preferential looking • Optikenetic drum or charts

  6. Refraction • Process for determining appropriate prescription for lenses. • Three options: • Subjective refraction (“Which one looks better 1 or 2?”) • Retinoscopy (neutralization of light shined into the eye through lenses

  7. Computerized retinoscopy • Computer shoots a beam of light into the eye and measures its reflection back to the source

  8. External Examination • Appearance and symmetry of the face • Skin of the eyelids • Edges of the lids and lashes • Clarity of the cornea, irises, and pupils • Color, texture, and moisture of the conjunctiva • Position, movement, and coordination of the eyes

  9. Pupillary Testing • Light shined directly into the pupils to check for • Reaction in each eye • Consensual responses

  10. Tonometer Checking intraocular pressure

  11. Examination of Posterior Structures • Retinoscope • Used to examine” • Viterous • Retina • Optic disc

  12. Slit Lamp • Used primarily to examine the anterior chamber and structures, but may also be used for viterous and retina as well.

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