DEVIANCE AND CULTURE

1. DEVIANCE AND CULTURE What is deviance Causes of deviance Social Control Criminals and the justice system Alienation and the significance of deviance

2. WHAT IS DEVIANCE • DEVIANCE • Behaviour that goes against important norms as identified by a group of society • Actions that are labelled deviant vary depending on your age group • Deviance is often difficult to define precisely because what is acceptable in a time or a place may not be in a different time or place • Sometimes things which were once acceptable become deviant, other times things that were deviant become acceptable • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4HjLnOMKBZo&safe=active

3. THE CHANGES TO DEVIANCE

4. WHAT IS DEVIANCE • There are two requirements for someone to be labelled as a deviant • The person must be detected doing the deviant act and this must in some way be known to other people • This person must be stigmatized by society • STIMGA • A mark of social disgrace that distinguishes the deviant from other in society • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D1lE0usK8DI&safe=active

5. WHAT IS DEVIANCE • VISIBLE STIMGA • Clearly evident outward signs designed to warn others and bring humiliation to the offender

6. WHAT IS DEVIANCE • HIDDEN STIGMA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=onVxp40MisI&safe=active • Underground methods of stigmatizing an individual that are not always known, subversive in nature • rumours • innuendo • talking behind the back • Stereotypes/labels • guilt by association • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=586q2ax45SU&safe=active • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8l7LGK2hnQw&safe=active

7. CAUSES OF DEVIANCE • Before sociology emerged as a discipline biology and psychology tried to explain deviance • Biological explanation • Some violent criminals or sex offenders have an extra chromosome • This theory is not supported by many sociologists because only two percent of the prison population has the extra chromosome • Psychological explanation • Freud believed we all had sexual and aggressive tendencies that we learn to control as we grow up • People who are deviant may count on other people to control these tendencies or may never have learned to control these aspects

8. CAUSES OF DEVIANCE • CULTURE CONFLICT THEORY • Different cultural norms come into conflict with the norms of society as a whole • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Kj7MV_38EA&safe=active • FUNCTIONAL DYSFUNCTIONAL THEORY • Those actions that interfere with the stability of the social system • Dysfunctional action are those that lead to social disruption • Non-deviant actions are those that promote the social system • The challenge is what is functional and what is dysfunctional, what is normal family behaviour??? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COMJgaYijfo&safe=active

9. CAUSES OF DEVIANCE • CULTURAL TRANSMISSION THEORY • This theory views deviant behaviour as learned • Labelled as the interactionist theory of deviance • Edwin Sutherland proposed a concept of DIFFERENTIATED ASSOCIATION • The proportion of your associations with deviant versus non deviant behaviours and individuals • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rFMw1humR78&safe=active

10. CAUSES OF DEVIANCE • STRUCTURAL STRAIN THEORY • Believes that deviance results from the natural outgrowth of values, norms and structures of society • This theory was developed by Robert Merton • ANOMIE • A state of confusion for individuals who are left without sufficient guidelines for behaviour because the norms of society are either unclear to them or inapplicable to them

11. CAUSES OF DEVIANCEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T4Hoj5BQXwY&safe=active • Methods of approaching culturally approved goals

12. CAUSES OF DEVIANCE • CONTROL THEORY • Individuals with weak ties to the community are more likely to commit deviant acts and integrated individual are more likely to conform • People who have strong connections to the community are more likely to conform because they have more to lose if they do not conform • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1r92EVYaY-A&safe=active • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YUQJkQK-SAw&safe=active

13. CAUSES OF DEVIANCE • CONFLICT THEORY • Theory views deviance as a result of competition and social inequality • Social life is seen as a struggle between those with power and those without power • SOCIAL INEQUALITY • Unequal distribution of resources and social rewards • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4Bn52yuKy4&safe=active • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4JQO9nAG8M&safe=active

14. CAUSES OF DEVIANCE • LABELLING THEORY • Focuses on how people become labelled as deviant instead of why people commit deviant acts • Edwin Lemert and Howard Becker classified deviance as either being primary or secondary • Primary Deviance • Undetected non-conformity and the occasional well concealed deviant act • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sv1I4q6lOpo&safe=active

15. CAUSES OF DEVIANCE • Those people who commit primary deviance do not view themselves as deviant • Pure Deviants • Those people who violate norms and are seen as deviant by the rest of society • Secondary deviants • Include people falsely accused of being deviant as well as pure deviants

16. CAUSES OF DEVIANCE • Once people are labelled deviant their lives change • Others judge them based on that label • It restricts or limits their options within the larger society • Once labelled these individuals will tend to gravitate towards others labelled as deviants in order to find acceptance • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GF1tNyzM1CA&safe=active • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hTghEXKNj7g&safe=active

17. SOCIAL CONTROL • SOCIAL CONTROL • The method by which each society tries to deal with deviance and ensures that everyone lives according to the rules • Informal Social Control • Generally understood expectations of behaviour • Don’t cut in line, say please and thank you, do not talk with your mouth full • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wvCHE53zrBc&safe=active • Formal Social Control • Controls have been set up deliberately to ensure conformity and control behaviour • Police, courts, jail and mental institutions are examples of formal social controls

18. CASE STUDY: THE PRISON SYSTEM • HOW THE CANADIAN PRISON SYSTEM WORKS • those who have been arrested are initially held in lock up of jail • They are moved to jail or detention centre during their trial • They stay there if they have short sentences • Sentences up to two years are served in a provincial reform institution • Sentences over two years are served in a federal penitentiary • Young people who break the law are held separately in closed custody(prison) or open custody (group home) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XPaLFszEFDA&safe=active

19. CASE STUDY: THE PRISON SYSTEM • History of prisons • Prisons were created in England to hold people for trial or for not paying those debts • Penalties at the time included placed in stocks in public places, branded like an animal, sent to Australia or hung • The large prisons now in use started nearly 150 years ago • The Kingston Penitentiary was built in 1832 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KHUE9mMFZn4

20. CASE STUDY: THE PRISON SYSTEMhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f6jAd3FJG8E&safe=active • Prisons are expensive to operate with annual costs for a prisoner over $45,000 • They are part of the corrections system • Corrections are negative sanctions, including imprisonment, parole and probation, used to punish criminals • http://pbc-clcc.gc.ca/index-eng.shtml • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mPiYhg_oDL8&safe=active http://lawfacts.ca/node/80

21. CASE STUDY: THE PRISON SYSTEMhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=higwYUdrWqs&safe=active • Corrections are designed to serve four functions • Retribution • The punishing of the criminal so the victims and society are avenged • Deterrence • Deterring others from committing crimes and encouraging others to be law abiding • Rehabilitation • Reforming the criminal behaviour so that the offenders can return to society as law abiding citizens • Social Protection • Protecting society from further crimes by offenders by limiting their freedom

22. CASE STUDY: THE PRISON SYSTEM • SUGGESTED REASONS FOR CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR • Childhood exposure to lead • Shaken baby syndrome • Physical and mental cruelty in childhood and adolescence • Some enjoy acts of deviance • Can produce status in certain social groups • Attempting to meet basic needs • Potential for easy profits • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DNh232YLsAg&safe=active • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_HoVnWlbnp8&safe=active

23. ALIENATION http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b3ymGcDskys&safe=active • Alienation • The inability of an individual or a group to share in the values of society • Reasons for alienation • Powerlessness • Where feelings and desires of the people are ignored by those in charge • Meaninglessness • Fell that everyday life is too confusing and too difficult to figure out • Normlessness • People are not sure how to act when they move from one group to another that has different expectations • Isolation • People who feel removed from society either physically or emotionally • Self-estrangement • People who are unhappy with the situation they are in and blame themselves

24. THE SIGNFICANCE OF DEVIANT BEHAVIOUR • Durkheim observed some unifying impacts of deviance • Deviance works to help define what is acceptable behaviour and what isn’t • People who are unhappy with their social conditions or with their lives are more likely to strike out at society than those who are content with their lives or positions in life • Deviance identifies problem with in society. It can help to indicate a need for social change • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=40fuePfQwAA&safe=active