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Background of study

SERO-CHARACTERIZATION OF HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN THIKA. PUBLISHERS: Zakayo Maingi (corresponding author) Dr Anthony Kebira Prof Yixing Zhang. Background of study.

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Background of study

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  1. SERO-CHARACTERIZATION OF HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN THIKA.PUBLISHERS:ZakayoMaingi (corresponding author)Dr Anthony KebiraProf Yixing Zhang

  2. Background of study • Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the commonest among viral infections during perinatal period that cause congenital infections • Seroprevalence in pregnant women ranges from 45% to 100%. • Its clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic forms to severe foetal damage • It is transmitted from person-to-person via close non-sexual contact, sexual activity, breastfeeding, blood transfusions, and organ transplantation.

  3. Problem statement • Studies of CMV during pregnancy have not been conducted in pregnant women in this region. • Evidence of pregnancy complications and congenital malformations • Caring for these children with congenital problems is a challenging task.

  4. Justification of the study • Significance and impact of CMV -serious complications. • CMV infection during pregnancy poses a 30% to 40% risk of intrauterine transmission • No surveillance framework done among pregnant women in Kenya • negligence is part of the contributing factors to high intrauterine transmission leading to high recorded cases of irreversible sequeal and mental disorders in foetuses

  5. hypothesis • Cytomegalovirus infection is high among Pregnant women attending Thika Hospitals. • Social demographic factors are not significant in CMV transmission and infection among pregnant women

  6. objectives • objectives • To determine the prevalence of CMV among pregnant women • To determine the number of acute and chronic CMV cases. • To establish the level of active and protective CMV antibodies in the pregnant women. • To determine the social demographic characteristics among study participants

  7. methodology Research design • This was a cross sectional study.  • serves a population from both urban and rural setting. signing a consent form filled the provided questionnaire then proceeded to the laboratory for sample collection.

  8. Eligibility criteria Inclusion criteria: • Pregnant women attending the ante natal clinic of Thika Hospitals. • Pregnant women in their first or second trimester of pregnancy. • Pregnant women in the age group of 16-45 years Exclusion criteria • Pregnant women in their third trimester • Pregnant women not sure of their gestational period.

  9. Expected results and applications. • The study was carried out to show the importance of CMV testing in pregnant women. • Identify the groups at risk • The study also recommended that infected pregnant women be put on antiviral therapy.

  10. methodology • Consenting pregnant women filled a questionnaire to obtain socio-demographic data • A 5ml blood specimen was obtained for each subject. • Quantitative analysis for CMV antibodies(IgG and IgM) was performed, and the assay result interpreted as IU/mL. • Avidity testing was carried out on samples having both antibodies.

  11. results

  12. Results cont’d

  13. Active and protective abs

  14. results • Out of 260 pregnant women, 201 (77.3%) were CMV IgG 21(8.1%) CMV IgM being on acute stage of the disease. Marital status (OR = 3.7533, 95% CI =3.0231-6.9631, P < 0.0001), parity (OR = 3.7533, 95% CI = 3.0231-6.9631, P < 0.0001), and education (OR = 3.7533, 95% CI = 3.0231-6.9631, P < 0.0001), history of blood transfusion (OR = 0.0374, 95% CI = 0.00120-0.1168, OR = 0.3804) were found to significantly influence seropostivity in univariate analysis. • Those with AI >35% were 43 (79.63%) while those with AI<or equal to 35% were 11 (20.37%).

  15. discussion • This is the first data on the epidemiology of CMV infections among pregnant women in Kenya. • women who were married, illiterate, aged or with high parity, were found to be at higher risk for CMV infection • These factors increased susceptibility to acquisition of CMV infection. • These findings were similar to those obtained in other developing countries

  16. conclusion • The prevalence of CMV is high • significant relationship between CMV prevalence and social demographic information • The level of chronic infection is higher than acute infection • Protective antibodies were higher than active antibodies

  17. recommendation • A follow up study is necessary. • Further studies be carried out on the different strains of CMV-(awaiting ethical approval) • Large scale studies to ascertain the consequences of CMV infection in infants • The 88.4% CMV prevalence rate being detected among pregnant women calls for • vaccine and routine screening for CMV infections and its associated risk factors in this kind of settings.

  18. Special thanks • National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine • Kenyatta University Microbiology department

  19. THANK YOU

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