Progressive Priorities: Addressing Injustices in America

1. Document of the Day #18-Progressive Priorities Reminders: -Progressive Unit Due Date: 11/17-11/20 • Racism • Women’s Rights • Conservation • Working Conditions • Monopolies • Political Corruption • Urban Slums • Education Imperialism Test Results: 2A-56% 4A-61% 6B-65% 7B-66% (without curve) Update your notebook! P. 71 Imperialism Vocab P. 72 Imperialism Vocab Quiz P. 73 Notebook Rubric #2 P. 74 DOD #17-Prog. Priorities P. 75 C-Notes Improving Society-Prog Day 1

2. Updated Pg. 2 Data Page • District Test • Imperialism Test • Achieve October

3. Topic: Improving Society-Progressives Day 1 Essential Question: Who were the Progressives and what types of issues did they address?

4. What is the Progressive Movement? Does this represent laissez-faire? *Believed that the government should take a more active role. The Progressive Era – Between 1890 and the outbreak of the First World War. The primary aim of the Progressives was to remedy the political and economic injustices that had resulted from America’s rapid industrialization. Progressives believed in “human progress.” They did not oppose industrialization, but wanted to use the power of government to correct its abuses so that Americans could enjoy better lives. In order to achieve this, progressives felt they had to reform government itself, which had been corrupted by Big Business and political bosses. Progressive reforms moved America from a laissez-faire economy to one in which government regulations prevented the worst abuses of economic power. Progressivism was a diverse movement, operating at many levels of society and government. Non-governmental organizations- such as churches, and settlement played an important role in this movement as well.

5. Roots of the Progressive Movement What is Populism? Why did the Progressive Movement suddenly emerge at this time? Historians look at several factors: -The Reform Tradition -The Legacy of Populism -The Problems of an Industrial Society -The Influence of the Middle Class -The “Social Gospel” Movement -New Forms of Journalism -Rising Consumer Consciousness -Differing Ideologies The “Social Gospel” Movement: • Middle-class Progressives often acted out of a sense of moral responsibility derived from religion. • Towards the end of the 19th century, many Protestant ministers grew concerned at the plight of the poor in the new industrial society. • Some believed that God would not return to Earth for the “Second Coming” until people made greater efforts to eliminate social evils. • Included groups like the Salvation Army. • Also promoted temperance (prohibition).

6. The Temperance Movement • Temperance is defined as moderation or voluntary self-restraint; abstinence. • The temperance movement is a social movement against the consumption of alcoholic beverages. • Leaders of the movement typically emphasized the sinfulness of drinking as well as the evil effects on society and family life. • The Woman’s Christian Temperance Union, founded in 1874, was one of the largest and most influential women’s groups of the 19th century. • The WCTU promoted labor laws, prison reform, suffrage, and temperance.

7. The Muckrakers What is this similar to? Famous Muckrakers: Ida Tarbell- History of the Standard Oil Co. Upton Sinclair- The Jungle Jacob Riis- How the Other Half Lives The first influential Progressives were journalists, writers, and social scientists who exposed the abuses and corruption of industrial society. These writers became known as “muckrakers” because they “raked” through the “muck” (dirt or filth) of American life, exposing some of the most ugly problems of the new industrial society. The muckrakers examined the rise of industry and the abuses and corruption that led to the accumulation of large fortunes. They also examined business practices affecting consumers, and the lives of the very poor and wretched, eliciting sympathy in their readers. They expose problems, informed the public, and stimulated debate. Wrote for magazines likeMcClure’s and American Magazine.

9. The Social Reformers (relates to Society) What did “settlement houses” do for immigrants? Some Progressives were so outraged at the injustices of industrial society that they made their own individual efforts at social reform. Jane Addams ran a “settlement house” in Chicago known as Hull House. Other Progressives formed associations to promote social change and professional responsibility. They organized charities, clubs, and other associations. The American Bar Association, the National Woman Suffrage Association, the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People), and the Anti-Defamation League (opposed anti-Semitism).

10. MunicipalReform (Political Reform) Municipal: refers to the town or city level of government. Progressives “clean up” city government: Municipal government in many large cities came to be dominated by a political machine, like Tammany Hall in NYC. The machine, in turn, used its control over city government to make a fortune out of lucrative ($$) public contracts. To work for the city, each contractor had to promise to pay a share of his receipts secretly to the machine. This graft (political corruption) made city government overly expensive and inefficient. Progressives mobilized the votes of citizens who were tired of corruption, and replaced the rule of “bosses” and political machines with public-minded Progressive mayors. Progressive reformers expanded city services to take care of urban overcrowding, fire hazards, inadequate sanitation, and the lack of public services.

11. The Reforms by State Governments (Political Reform) Other Progressive Governor’s included: Teddy Roosevelt & Woodrow Wilson Progressives also elected state legislators and officials to promote reform at the state level. The leading Progressive Governor was Robert LaFollette(Wisconsin). He broke the power of local political bosses and the influence of the railroads over the state legislature. LaFollette began taxing railroads at the same rate as other property, and he set up a special commission to regulate railroad rates. He started other regulatory commissions to regulate public utilities and acted to conserve Wisconsin’s forests and waters against pollution and exploitation.

12. Political Reforms (Relates to the government) Progressives took special steps to free state government from corruption and the influence of “Big Business.” Innovative reforms, some borrowed from the Populists, were designed to make government more responsive to the people: -Secret Ballot -Initiative -Referendum -Recall -Direct Primary -Direct Election of Senators -17th Amendment Women’s Suffrage Women’s Suffrage: “Suffrage” refers to the right to vote in elections. The National Woman Suffrage Association was founded in 1869. It represented millions of women and was active during the Progressive Era in the struggle to achieve voting rights for women. Under the U.S. Constitution, individual states actually control the requirements for voting, even in federal elections. During the Progressive Era, many states especially in the West, gave the vote to women. 19th Amendment

13. Social and Economic Reforms • States also enacted new laws to deal with some of the worst social and economic effects of industrialism. • Laws regulating conditions in urban housing; against the employment of young children; regulating safety and health conditions in factories; limiting the number of hours that women could work; and forcing employers to give compensation to workers injured on the job; prohibiting the sale of alcohol (the Temperance Movement). • 1911- a fire at the Triangle Shirt-waist factory in NYC led to the death of 146 female workers because the doors were bolted and there were no adequate fire escapes. • Striking workers had previously protested against these conditions but the owners refused to make any changes. • The fire led to great public sympathy for the garment workers and the passage of new state laws providing fire safety codes for factories.

14. FOUR Women Reformers Worked with Elizabeth Cady Stanton Which amendment gave women the right to vote? In the late 19th & early 20th centuries, women faced many obstacles to participation in public life. Most could note vote, few attended college, and they could not enter most professions. Despite these obstacles, some women managed to become active reformers. Susan B. Anthony- temperance movement, and an abolitionist. -She co-founded the NWSA (National Women Suffrage Association). Florence Kelley- lived in Hull House and fought to establish a minimum wage, 8 hour work day, and against child labor. Carrie Chapman Catt- active in suffrage movement & served as president of the NWSA. Alice Paul- organized a march in Washington D.C. on behalf of women’s suffrage and helped to persuade (later) President Woodrow Wilson that the time had come for an amendment giving women the right to vote.

15. Interact with notes & answer the EQ! • Answer the Essential Question in the “Summary” section of your Cornell Notes (4 minutes). • Be prepared to share your EQ! • Upcoming Due Dates: • Progressivism Test/Vocab/Study Guide/Achieve/NB: A-11/5 & B-11/6

16. Progressive Graphic Organizer • Complete the graphic organizer using your notes! • You may work together but must do your own work!

17. Question #1 The information on the left identifies some of the key reforms of the Progressive Era. Which characteristic was shared by all five reforms? • They were reforms of the state government • The gave citizens a greater voice in government • The were directly aimed at reducing corruption in state government • They successfully brought economic relief to the urban working classes -Initiative -Referendum -Recall -Direct Primary -17th Amendment

18. Questions #2 • The cartoon on the right depicts a social issue during the late 1800s and early 1900s.