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Introducing Psychology

Introducing Psychology. Define psychology & identify its six approaches. Overview. People have always wondered about the mysteries of the mind. Early 18 th century acquired its literal meaning, “the study of the mind.” Psychology – the scientific study

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Introducing Psychology

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  1. Introducing Psychology Define psychology & identify its six approaches.

  2. Overview • People have always wondered about the mysteries of the mind. • Early 18th century acquired its literal meaning, “the study of the mind.” • Psychology – the scientific study of behavior and mental processes • Philosophy • Physiology

  3. Wilhelm Wundt • 1832-1920 • Founder of psychology • The scientific study of conscious experience • Consciousness – the awareness of immediate experience

  4. Psychology as a Profession • Clinical Psychologist – diagnoses & treats people with emotional disturbances • Counseling Psychologist – helps people deal with problems of living in everyday life • Psychiatry – a branch of medicine that deals with mental, emotional, or behavioral disorders

  5. Behavior • Observable Behaviors • Unobservable Behaviors

  6. Psychoanalytical • Studies how unconscious motives & conflicts determine behavior • Unconscious –thoughts, memories, & desires that are well below the surface of conscious awareness but exert great influence on behavior • Free association Sigmund Freud 

  7. Behavioral • Analyze how organisms learn or modify their behavior based on their response to events in the environment • Nature vs. nurture • People are controlled by their environment, not by themselves Stimulus – any detectable input from the environment Ivan Pavlov 

  8. Behavioral (continued) • “Organisms tend to repeat responses that lead to positive outcomes, & they tend not to repeat responses that lead to neutral or negative outcomes.” B.F. Skinner 

  9. Humanistic • Believe each person has freedom in directing his or her future & achieving personal growth • Behavior is not the result of the unconscious or environmental stimuli

  10. Cognitive • Study how we process, store, retrieve, & use information and how cognitive processes influence our behavior • Behavior is influenced by a variety of mental processes, including perceptions, memories, & expectations Jean Piaget 

  11. Neurobiological • Study how physical & chemical changes in our bodies influence our behavior

  12. Sociocultural • Study the influence of ethnicity, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status on behavior

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