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Unit 13 Planets

Unit 13 Planets. What is a planet?. Old Definition. A planet is a body that orbits a star, shines by reflecting the star's light and is larger than an asteroid. New Definition.

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Unit 13 Planets

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  1. Unit 13Planets

  2. What is a planet?

  3. Old Definition • A planet is a body that orbits a star, shines by reflecting the star's light and is larger than an asteroid.

  4. New Definition The International Astronomical Union (IAU), defines a planet as an object that orbits a star, is large enough to have settled into a round shape and, crucially, "has cleared the neighborhood around its orbit."

  5. How did they form? • Remember the nebular hypothesis? • Our solar system started 4.6 billion years ago as a cloud of dust rotating in space. • 10% of the cloud made up the platelike disk around the sun. • As the cloud spun large pieces of debris would collide to form planetesimals.

  6. What are the 2 groups? • Rocky

  7. Gas Giants

  8. Terrestrial (Inner-Rocky) • Rocky crust • Dense mantle layers • Very dense cores

  9. Jovian (Outer-Gas Giants) • Much larger • No solid surfaces • Mainly hydrogen and helium • They all have rings

  10. Mercury • Closest to the Sun • No atmosphere • Surface temp between -280oF and +800oF • Hot enough to melt lead and zinc • Almost cold enough for liquid oxygen to form • Day is nearly 59 days long • Year is 88 days

  11. Mercury

  12. Venus • Hotter than Mercury, even though almost twice as far from the Sun • Its day (243 days) is longer than its year (224 days • Atmosphere is about 96% CO2 • Air pressure 90 times that of Earth • Sulfuric acid clouds

  13. Venus

  14. Earth • Only planet with chocolate • Only planet with liquid water • Only known life, so far, in the solar system

  15. Mars • A bit more than half the diameter of Earth • Surface area a bit less than land mass of Earth • Day is about 24.5 hours, Year about 22.5 months • Atmosphere less than 1% of Earth’s • 2 moons • Phobos, average diameter, 13.8 miles • Deimos, average diameter, 7.8 miles

  16. Mars

  17. Phobos

  18. Deimos

  19. Jupiter • King of the planets • Weighs more than all the other planets combined • Over 1300 Earths could fit inside • Magnetic field is 20,000 times Earth’s • Nearly 90% hydrogen • At least 63 moons

  20. Jupiter

  21. Moons of Jupiter • Biggest moon, Ganymede, larger than Mercury • Europa, bigger than Pluto, nearly as large as the Moon • Io, most volcanically active body in the solar system. Larger than the Moon • Callisto, almost as large as Mercury • These 4 moons were discovered by Galileo

  22. Ganymede

  23. Io

  24. Callisto

  25. Europa

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