AP Government & Politics

1. AP Government & Politics

2. Constitutional Underpinnings 100 This was the proposal at the Constitutional Convention that proposed a central government with a single-house legislature in which each state would be represented equally. New Jersey Plan Back

3. Constitutional Underpinnings 200 This is the amendment in the Bill of Rights that reserves powers to the states. Tenth Amendment Back

4. Constitutional Underpinnings 300 This is one of the ways that a constitutional amendment could be proposed. 2/3 vote of both houses of Congress or a convention called by Congress at the request of legislatures in 2/3 of the states Back

5. Constitutional Underpinnings 400 These are 3 of the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. • Congress couldn’t pass laws or levy taxes • Congress couldn’t regulate trade between states or with other nations, states taxed each other’s goods and negotiated their own trade agreements between other countries • Congress couldn’t forbid the states from issuing their own currencies • Congress had to handle all administrative duties because there was no executive branch • Lack of judicial system meant that national government had to rely on state courts to enforce national laws and settle disputes between states. In practice, state courts could overturn national laws. Back

6. Constitutional Underpinnings 500 This type of federalism stresses a system of intergovernmental relations in delivering governmental goods and services to the people and calls for cooperation among the federal, state, and local levels of government. Cooperative federalism Back

7. Political Beliefs/Behaviors/Media 100 A woman is more likely to vote for this political party. Democratic Party Back

8. Political Beliefs/Behaviors/Media 200 This is the most important factor in the political socialization process. Family Back

9. Political Beliefs/Behaviors/Media 300 This is a term for when the media covers campaigns by comparing the standings of the candidates in the polls rather than on the issues they discuss. Horse-race journalism Back

10. Political Beliefs/Behaviors/Media 400 This is the term for the measurement of relative accuracy of a public opinion poll. Sampling error Back

11. Political Beliefs/Behaviors/Media 500 This is the term for the extent to which people believe issues are relevant to them. Salience Back

12. Interest Groups/Political Parties/Elections 100 This is the term for the drawing of legislative district boundaries to benefit a party, group, or incumbent . Gerrymandering Back

13. Interest Groups/Political Parties/Elections 200 This is how often congressional district boundaries are redrawn. Every 10 years Back

14. Interest Groups/Political Parties/Elections 300 This is the term for a type of election that is an electoral “earthquake” where new issues emerge, new coalitions replace old ones, and the majority party is often displaced by the minority party. Critical, or realigning, election Back

15. Interest Groups/Political Parties/Elections 400 This is the main way that lobbyists try to influence legislators. By providing legislators with technical information within their field of interest Back

16. Interest Groups/Political Parties/Elections 500 Political Action Committees (PACs) representing this group have increased greatly in number in recent decades. Business Back

17. Executive/Legislative Branches 100 This is the term for formal orders issued by the president to direct action by the federal bureaucracy, which have the force of law. Executive orders Back

18. Executive/Legislative Branches 200 This is the term that describes the right of members of Congress to send mail to their constituents at the government’s expense. Franking privilege Back

19. Executive/Legislative Branches 300 This is the only congressional committee that can originate tax and revenue legislation. House Ways and Means Committee Back

20. Executive/Legislative Branches 400 According to the War Powers Resolution, the President can deploy troops for this long before he/she has to inform Congress about the deployment. 48 hours Back

21. Executive/Legislative Branches 500 This is the term for the procedure for terminating debate, especially filibusters, in the Senate AND how many votes are needed to invoke this procedure. Cloture, 3/5 or 60 votes Back

22. Judiciary and the Bureaucracy 100 This is the term for the government agency or commission with regulatory power whose independence is protected by Congress, an example of which would be the Securities and Exchange Commission or the Federal Election Commission. Independent regulatory commission Back

23. Judiciary and the Bureaucracy 200 This is the term for the type of judicial interpretation in which justices believe that the meaning of the Constitution depends on the intention of the framers. Doctrine of original intent Back

24. Judiciary and the Bureaucracy 300 This is the means by which interest groups try to lobby courts. Amicus curiae briefs Back

25. Judiciary and the Bureaucracy 400 Agreement among four justices on the Supreme Court is always sufficient to do this (the rule of 4). Accept a case for consideration Back

26. Judiciary and the Bureaucracy 500 These are the three points of an iron triangle. bureaucrats, interest groups, and congressional subcommittee members Back

27. Civil Rights/Civil Liberties 100 The “wall of separation” doctrine refers to this component of the 1st Amendment. Division of church and state; establishment clause Back

28. Civil Rights/Civil Liberties 200 This Supreme Court case established the “clear and present danger” test that is used to decide the constitutionality of a law that limits a citizen’s First Amendment rights. Schenck v. United States Back

29. Civil Rights/Civil Liberties 500 This is the term for censorship imposed before a speech is made or a newspaper is published, which is usually presumed to be unconstitutional. Prior restraint Back

30. Civil Rights/Civil Liberties 300 Most of the individual protections of the Bill of Rights now apply to the states because of the Supreme Court’s interpretation of this amendment, PLUS this is what this process is called. The 14th Amendment, selective incorporation Back

31. Civil Rights/Civil Liberties 400 This Supreme Court case declared that flag burning is a constitutionally protected right. Texas v. Johnson Back

32. Final Jeopardy The Federalist #10 deals with this topic. Time is up! Turn your sheets in. You have 20 seconds! Back