EPA 2010/ GHG14 EMMISIONS

1. EPA 2010/ GHG14 EMMISIONS Created for: APMA - 2013 By: Scott Fast

2. EPA 2010 Notes • 2010 stricter emission standards than 2007 • OEM’s will go to a Selective Catalyst Reduction (SCR) System. • SCR gives the customer better fuel economy. • SCR will treat exhaust down stream from engine. • SCR will add 500 – 800 LBS to truck chassis. • SCR will effect total payload, in some applications. • SCR packaging will change chassis configurations for most customers.

3. Emissions Control Strategy 2007 Emissions 2010 Emissions

4. How SCR works Exhaust leaves the engine with the pollutants NOx and PM = DEF = Exhaust Particulate Matter (PM) is trapped in the Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) DEF injected into the exhaust stream NOx PM DEF NOx PM Ammonia (NH3) and Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) react in the catalyst to form Nitrogen and Water NH3 DEF solution ‘hydrolyzes’ into ammonia gas (NH3) which mixes with the exhaust SCR Catalyst N2 H2O

5. HD 1-Box ATS (under step)

6. 1-Box Flow The following diagram illustrates the flow of exhaust through the DOC and DPF. Then where the DEF enters the hydrolysis pipe and eventually meets the exhaust in the SCR device. Detroit Diesel’s dual parallel flow (ATD & SCR catalyst) reduces backpressure on the engine thus increasing fuel efficiency. 1 2 1 2 3 4 3

7. Urea System • 13 gallon urea tank shown • 6/13/23 gallon tanks • available • Mounted LH side of chassis HD Urea Tank

8. Driver Interface Representative example for driver warning LED lamp is bicolor amber / red First 3 LED bars display green 4th (low) LED bar is tricolor green / amber / red • Integrated Fuel and DEF Gauge • Fuel level gauge with low level indicator • 4 LED level indicator DEF gauge below w/ low level indicator

9. 2010 Driver Inducements In addition to the SCR hardware is a new DEF gauge. Just like filling up their diesel tank, drivers will need to remember to watch their DEF gauge and fill it when needed. FULL Check Engine Lamp EMPTY 25% Engine Derate 55 MPH Vehicle Speed Limit Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL)

10. 2010 Driver Inducements If the driver accidentally puts an improper fluid into the DEF tank, the SCR system will detect the error and the malfunction indicator lamp will illuminate. • The following action will be employed once this condition is detected: • 25 % engine derate • 55 mph speed limit imposed • After 1,000 miles or 20 hours of operation without remedy a vehicle speed will be limited to 5 mph. Malfunction Indicator Lamp • Similar actions will be employed if the engine detects any tampering or failure with the after-treatment sensors or hardware. • Under no circumstances will the engine be shutdown due to running the vehicle out of DEF or putting the improper fluid in the DEF tank

11. GHG 2014 Notes • Incorporates OBD diagnostics • GHG2014 begins with M/Y 2014 and increases stringency through M/Y 2018. • GHG14 applies to both engine, and vehicle. • Separate standards for CO2 (Carbon Dioxide), N2O (Nitrogen Dioxide), CH4 (Methane) and HFC’s (Hydro fluorocarbon's) • Greenhouse Gas (GHG): CO2 Grams per Ton-Mile • Fuel Economy: Gallons per 1,000 Ton-Mile • HFC’s: Leakage from HVAC systems may not exceed 1.5% per year.

12. What Customers need to know: • GHG14 Unit production started on January 7, 2013 • Customer can still spec trucks like they want to. Most “Regulatory” GHG14 features are optional. • GHG14 Models are using Aerodynamics, LRR Tires, Vehicle Weight, Engine Efficiency, Idle Reduction and Vehicle Speed Limiters to lower GHG emissions. • OBD Diagnostics are mandatory. There will be an average price escalator of around $800 per truck. • State Inspectors may inspect for OBD faults. (Emissions Faults) • OEM’s are gaining 4-6% better fuel economy with GHG14, over EPA2010.