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RESPONSE TO ACTIVE SHOOTERS

RESPONSE TO ACTIVE SHOOTERS. Instructor Introductions. Training Goals. The student will be familiar with: Historical overview of active shooter situations Police lessons learned from school shootings School “Armed Intruder” procedures School priorities during an active shooter situation

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RESPONSE TO ACTIVE SHOOTERS

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  1. RESPONSE TO ACTIVE SHOOTERS

  2. Instructor Introductions

  3. Training Goals • The student will be familiar with: • Historical overview of active shooter situations • Police lessons learned from school shootings • School “Armed Intruder” procedures • School priorities during an active shooter situation • Police priorities during an active shooter situation • Police equipment and training needs • Contact /rescue team tactics for immediate deployment.

  4. Course Administration Items Roster Verification Course Critiques Safety Briefing

  5. Pre-test

  6. CBS Sixty Minutes Story • What really happened at Columbine?

  7. Active Shooter Intro Video Video #1, part 1

  8. Familiar?

  9. Texas Tower Incident • August 1, 1966 • Austin TX • Suspect, Charles Whitman • Killed 15 people (including an unborn baby) • Wounded 31 (as far away as two blocks) • Resolved by two police officers

  10. Other Active Shooter Incidents • McDonald’s Massacre • North Hollywood Bank Robbery • Columbine High School, Littleton, CO

  11. San Ysidro California McDonald’s Restaurant July 18, 1984 James Huberty 21- persons killed McDonald’s Massacre • July 18, 1984 • San Ysidro, CA • Suspect, James Huberty, • Killed 21 • Wounded 11 • Killed by Sniper

  12. North Hollywood Bank Robbery • February 27, 1997 • North Hollywood, CA • Suspects, Larry Phillips and Emil Mosuranyo • Wounded 13 • One suspect commits suicide the other is killed by SWAT

  13. Columbine High SchoolLittleton CO • April 20, 1999 • Littleton CO • Suspects Harris and Klebold • Killed 13 • Wounded dozens • Both suspects commit suicide

  14. Lesson Learned • Active shooter incidents are spontaneous. • Suspects behavior unpredictable. • Pre-incident signs existed in school incidents. • Incidents occur in a target rich environment. • First responders outgunned and/or didn’t have the training to respond to an active shooter situation. • A tactical intervention was too late. • Multi-jurisdictional response issues were present.

  15. Definitions • Active Shooter • Suspect (s) activity is immediately causing death and serious bodily injury. The activity is not contained and there is immediate risk of death or serious injury to potential victims. • Immediate Deployment • The swift and immediate deployment of law enforcement resources to on-going, life threatening situations where delayed deployment could otherwise result in death or great bodily injury to innocent persons.

  16. Definitions • Dynamic Situation • The situation is evolving very rapidly along with the suspect’s action. Example, shooting and moving. • Static Situation • The situation is not evolving or in motion, it suspect actions appear to be contained. Example, suspect is barricaded in a room.

  17. Definitions • Time Line of Violence • The period of time from the suspects first violent action until his action is stopped or he/she transitions to another activity. • Incident Transition • That point in the incident where the “active shooter” stops his/her violent actions and tries to escape or barricades themselves.

  18. Definitions Barricade Suspect • Suspect is in a position of advantage, usually barricaded in a room or building. • Suspect is armed and has displayed violence. • May or may not be holding a hostage (s) • There is no indication that the suspect(s) activity is immediately causing death or serious bodily injury. The event is not dynamic but rather static.

  19. A School and PolicePartnership • Work together to develop realistic school safety plans in response to various threats. • Conduct joint, school and police, training sessions to test procedures. • Conduct joint, school and police, field training exercises in a realistic environment with maximum sensory overload.

  20. Memorandum of Understanding • Between the police and the schools • Purpose • To Establish procedures to be followed when an incident involving an act of violence or possession of a weapon occurs on school property.

  21. School Priorities During an “Active Shooter” Situation • Protect the lives of children, teachers and staff. • Have a crisis management team and detailed School Safety Plan • Implement an “Armed Intruder” procedure. • Notify police. • Provide follow-up counseling to children, teachers, and staff.

  22. School “Armed Intruder” Procedures • What are school procedures when an “Active Shooter” starts his/her rampage? • Must address a variety of threats • Have mutually agreed upon procedures • There must be training and exercises. • Almost always have issues regarding school and police response.

  23. Lockdown or Evacuate?

  24. School Lock Down Procedures • Signal/code • Lock Doors • Safe Area • Account for Students • Do Not Open Door Until Police Arrive • Communicate

  25. Rules of Thumb For Schools • Call 911 and stay on the phone. • Isolate and evacuate as soon as possible. • Collect as much information as possible. • Don’t try to be a hero. • Allow police first responders to make contact.

  26. Resolution of an “Active Shooter” Situation • Most likely by patrol. • Non-traditional response. • Minimum number of officers. • Properly equipped. • Properly trained. • Able to transition to a barricade situation.

  27. Police Priorities During An “ActiveShooter” Situations • The capture or neutralization of the suspect, as soon as possible. • The lives of those in proximity of the shooter. • The lives and safety of citizens in the area. • The safety of police officers. • Containment. • After event investigation and a return to normalcy.

  28. LE Policy and Procedure for Response to Active Shooters • Do we need a police response policy for “active shooter” situations? • Do we need procedures for “active shooter” situations?

  29. Police First Responder Tactics • Position your patrol vehicle to act as cover with the best possible field of view. • Use a target site numbering system consistent with department policy for points of reference. • Collect and communicate assessment of situation clearly and concisely

  30. DEPLOYMENT 3 2 Target Site 4 1

  31. Building - Side/Opening Designation . . . Side 4 Side 3 2 1 1 5 4 1 3 2 1 2 Side 2 Side 1 - FRONT • Sides - Clockwise - starting with front as Side 1 • Levels - Bottom to top • Openings - left to right

  32. First Responder Actions Tulsa Video Video #1, Part 2

  33. Proper Equipment for Patrol Officers • Weapons • Shouldered fired weapon with light mounts, shotgun with slug or police rifle. • Protective Gear • Ballistic helmet • Ballistic shields • Mechanical Breaching Equipment • Halligan tool • Sledge hammer

  34. Weapons • Why a shoulder fired weapon? • Accurate weapons fire • Defeat body armor • Over penetration • Not an issue

  35. Protective Gear • Ballistic Helmets • Ballistic Shields

  36. Breaching Equipment • Sledge hammer • Halligan tool • Ram

  37. Off Duty-Plain Clothes Personnel • Should be Clearly Identifiable as Police Officers • Windbreaker, External Armor with placards, traffic vests, etc. • Radio Communications available

  38. Police Response to Dynamic –Active Shooter Incident • Quick Assessment • Communicate Assessment • Quick Intervention

  39. Quick Assessment • Obtain as much information as possible en-route the location. • Suspect actions (static or dynamic), location, description, weapons • Victim injuries and location • Request school official to meet you in the parking lot • Upon arrival position yourself in the best possible location • On side one, front of school • Determine if you have an active shooter or possible barricade situation

  40. Communications • First responding officer becomes the ad-hoc incident commander until relieved by a supervisor. • Collect information enroute and upon arrival at the location and communicate this information as quickly and concisely as possible to dispatch and responding units.

  41. Ad-hoc Incident Commander • Responsibilities. • Collect information. • Direct responding units to a staging area. • Assemble an entry-contact team and move to the shooter. • Remain outside the location to direct additional responding units. • Transition command to a supervisor

  42. Intervention • If a barricade situation use the 4Cs • Contain, Control, Communicate, Call SWAT. • If a dynamic, active shooter situation • Put together an entry-contact team made up of patrol officers and move to the shooter. • Maintain an ad-hoc incident commander outside the location to gather additional information and direct additional responding personnel to location.

  43. Immediate Deployment TacticsPatrol or SWAT Contact-Rescue Team Concept

  44. Immediate DeploymentDefinition . . . • The swift and immediate deployment of law enforcement resources to on-going, life threatening situations where delayed deployment could otherwise result in death or great bodily injury to innocent persons.

  45. When Utilized . . . • Aggressive Deadly Behavior • Suspect(s) actively engaged in causing death or great bodily harm. • e.g., “Active Shooter,” edged weapon assaults, explosives, etc. And . . . • The location is believed to contain multiple victims. e.g., schools, parks, playgrounds, sporting events, day care, high-rise structures etc. • Citizen/Officer Rescue • Deadly assault(s) may or may not be on-going. • Delayed law enforcement action could result in continued injury to citizens/officers. • Delayed recovery of victim(s) could result in victim(s)’ demise.

  46. Immediate deployment tactics are not a substitute for conventional response to Barricaded Subjects.

  47. Organization . . . • Minimum - (3-4) Officers 1. Team Leader • Delegates team member responsibilities. • Formulates and implements plan. 2. Assistant Team Leader • Communicates with responding units. • Acts as additional Contact or Rescue Officer. 3. Designated Cover Officer (Point ) • Armed with shotgun (Slug ammo if Dept. criteria is met). • Police Rifle - if Dept. criteria is met. 4. Rear Guard

  48. Deployment . . . • Organize Contact/Rescue teams. • Attempt diagonal deployment: • Place containment teams in a position to cover the “Predictable Target Area” • Area that suspect can potentially move within • Area where suspect may attempt to escape • Area where suspect has access to vehicles • Move to location and attempt to stop violence • Coordinate 360 degree containment with other responding units and SWAT • When SWAT arrives - transition control

  49. Contact Team Conduct • Priority is to make CONTACTwiththe suspect(s). • Move with 360 degree coverage (point, flanks, rear). • Stop deadly behavior. • Limit movement of suspect(s).

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