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British Imperialism in India

British Imperialism in India. Colonization of India. 1739, Mughal forces were defeated by the Iranians Mughal weakness led to the increasing power of regional rulers and decentralization

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British Imperialism in India

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  1. British Imperialism in India

  2. Colonization of India • 1739, Mughal forces were defeated by the Iranians • Mughal weakness led to the increasing power of regional rulers and decentralization • British, French, and Dutch companies employed men who used any means necessary to persuade Indian rulers to allow them to establish trading posts • Companies hired Indian soldiers known as sepoys • After a regional ruler overran a British fortified outpost at Calcutta, the British East India Company overthrew this ruler, persuading Mughals to recognize the company’s right to rule Bengal • The company’s forces secured victory for their candidate for the ruler of Arcot, which gave South India to the company and prevented the French from taking land • The British East India Company annexed large territories on the western coast in 1818 • British were attracted by the cotton exports from India and the huge market for British goods • British rule was indirect in some places and direct in others

  3. Responses to Imperialism • British reforms in India were aimed at making India more like Britain • They did not want to interfere too much with Indian social and religious customs • Many people suffered because of the cheap textiles imported from Britain, and because of new reforms • The people who suffered created almost constant uprisings during the first half of the 1800s • Sepoys were also discontent because of some of the practices of the British • Bengal sepoys resented the recruitment of other ethnic groups • Hindu sepoys rebelled in 1857 • Muslim sepoys, peasants, and discontent elite joined the rebellion • British put down the rebellion in March 1858

  4. Pros of Imperialism • India gained a centralized government • Rapid economic growth • Indians developed a sense of national unity • British created harbors, cities, irrigation canals, and other public works in India • Provided Britain with a huge market for manufactured goods • Developed new and faster transportation, such as steam boats and railroads • Telegraph lines were put up, allowing messages and information to be sent faster than ever before • Widow burning, slavery, female infanticide, and prohibition against widow remarriage were outlawed • Spread of western schools • Indian middle class prospered from the increase in trade

  5. Cons of Imperialism • Competition from British textile mills put many Indians out of business leading to widespread poverty • Occupation by the British • Indian Civil Service program excluded Indians • British felt racist contempt for the Indians • Freer movement of people led to spread of cholera all over • Most people still had little access to good sanitation

  6. Effects of Imperialism • Industrialism spread to India • Some Hindu beliefs were changed as reforms were made to make India more like Britain • Feelings of nationalism and national unity led to independence movements and rebellions • Increasing poverty continued in India, along with malnutrition and illiteracy

  7. History after Imperialism • Gained independence in 1947, after many campaigns characterized by non violent civil disobedience • The area of Pakistan became its own country because of its high concentration of Muslims • India became a republic in 1950 • In 1991, economic reforms were began that transformed India into one of the fastest growing economies in the world

  8. Cities and Religions in India • This map shows the major cities in India today and the concentration of different religions in those cities.

  9. Railroad Map of India • This map shows the extensive railroad system that was put into place in India as a result of the Industrialization that came during British rule

  10. Industrial Map of India • This map shows the factories and industries that are present in India today. These factories demonstrate how India was impacted by the Industrialization that was started by the British.

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