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Introduction by the Co-Chairs Biliana Cicin-Sain, GOF, and Blaise Kuemlangan, FAO

Capacity Development for Area-Based Management in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: Experiences, Lessons, Possible Ways Forward.

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Introduction by the Co-Chairs Biliana Cicin-Sain, GOF, and Blaise Kuemlangan, FAO

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  1. Capacity Development for Area-Based Management in Areas BeyondNational Jurisdiction: Experiences, Lessons, Possible WaysForward Organized by the Global Ocean Forum, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, UNEP World Conservation and MonitoringCentre, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, UNESCO, Ocean Policy Research Institute, Sasakawa PeaceFoundation Side Event at the BBNJ PrepCom 4 Monday, 17July 13:15-14:45PM Conference Room2

  2. Introduction by the Co-Chairs Biliana Cicin-Sain, GOF, and Blaise Kuemlangan,FAO

  3. GOF/FAO/GEF Project on StrengtheningGlobal Capacity to Effectively ManageABNJ Main Focuson: Capacity in application of area-based management and ecosystem-based approaches and tools to ABNJ; focus on the interaction between national EEZs and ABNJ; emphasis on fisheries and biodiversityprotection Part of the GEF/FAO Program on Global Sustainable Fisheries Management and Biodiversity Conservation in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (Common Oceans Program) (www.commonoceans.org)

  4. WORKSHOPON Capacity D· elapm ntto lmprav the· anagement t/MarineAreasB'eyond atianal Jurisdiction(ABIIUJ: s, Optio ns.,, and Opportuniti s lffl -·'"' SilpplilliF:f'l =......-.... Q IR C r.\ntl...Ii ill:iiiiilEllil -- - ........._ ef

  5. Relationship between Capacity Development and TechnologyTransfer? CapacityDevelopment Area-basedmanagement andMPAs EIAs Implementation of the agreement TechnologyTransfer Marine geneticresources Relationship between the two? 3 bundles of issues: Area-based/EIAs; legal/compliance issues in implementation; marine genetic resources (different sets ofknowledge/skills) Modalities—what types of capacity development are needed and how would they be carriedout? Mechanism—institutional structures/processes for carrying out the capacity Funding—options forsupport Clearinghouse mechanism—options for knowledgemanagement

  6. 4 Stage-settingComments

  7. 1. Architecture ofcapacitydevelopment prescriptionsexists There is an existing architecture in place on capacitybuilding --UNCLOSstream --UNCEDstream Excellent prescriptions on CapacityDevelopment But: Limited implementation, more work at the individual level, insufficient work on institutional and societalcapacity More work on sectoral, than cross-sectoral aspects Not tied to a fundingmechanism Not tied to a follow-upmechanism Challenge: Not to repeat the global prescriptions, but instead, to build a tangible system of capacitydevelopment

  8. Global prescriptions on capacitydevelopment • Existing Global Provisions on CapacityDevelopment • – UNCLOS (1982, 1994,1995) • Sustainable development summits (UNCED 1992, 2002,2012) • • Agenda 2030(2015) • SIDS Samoa Pathway(2014) • Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) (1994), Intergovernmental Panel on Ecosystem Services IPBES ( 2012) • UNFCCC Paris Agreement(2015) • All separate globalprocesses

  9. Global prescriptions on capacitydevelopment • UNCLOS (1982) Capacity development notexplicit • Part XII on the “Protection and preservation of the marine environment” • Part XIII on “Marine scientific research”(MSR) • Part XIV on the development and transfer of marinetechnology • Part XI on “the Area” provides for the promotion of international cooperation, including by encouraging cooperation in marine scientific research in theArea • The Agreement Related to the Implementation of Part XI (1994), Deep SeabedMining • Article 143 on marine scientific research for benefit of allmankind • Article 144 on transfer of tech and knowledge related to theArea • 1995 Fish StocksAgreement • Part VII, article 25 on aiming assistance to developing countries at enhancing their ability to conserve and manage straddling fish stocks

  10. Global prescriptions on capacitydevelopment Sustainable development summits (UNCED 1992, 2002,2012) Agenda 21 (UNCED1992) • Johannesburg Plan of Implementation (WSSD2002) • Support and Cooperation (10(f)); (30(g));(33(g)) • Institution Building (32(b));33(b)) • Traditional Knowledge(37(f)) • Support for SIDS (58(c));(58(j)) • Public involvement(17.5) • Human Resources Development (17.6) • Regional Centers, Education, Training (17.1234); (17.135); (17.135) ;(17.6) • Facilities, Centers, Demonstrations(17.17) • Financial and Technical Resources (17.41); (17.69);(17.39) • Research Facilities; Systematic Observations (17.40);(17.43) • Institution Building, National Oceanographic Commissions (17.68; (17.95);(17.114) • Capacity in Natural, Social Sciences(17.115) • Special Capacity Needs of SIDS (17.136); (17.129); (17.1322);(17.137) • Traditional Knowledge (17.15);(17.6) • Fisheries and Aquaculture –Technology Transfer(17.93) Rio+20(2012) • “Capacity” is mentioned 47 times in the Rio+20 document “The Future We Want” and “capacity-building” is mentioned 40times. • Capacity development is treated asa cross-cutting aspect of sustainable development

  11. Global prescriptions on capacitydevelopment

  12. Globalprescriptions • Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES)(2012) Deliverable1(b): • IPBES has been mandated tointegrate capacity building into all relevant aspects of its work and to undertake capacity-building activities that address the priority needsidentified… • Activities are to include technical assistance, training workshops, fellowship and exchangeprogrammes and support for the evolution of national, subregional and regional science-policy… • Also this deliverable isimplemented through the task force on capacity building… • Part of the initial work programme is the development of a clearinghouse mechanism (IPBES/1/INF/10), 2(c)) • Convention on BiologicalDiversity (CBD)(1994) • 15.11. There is a need, where appropriate, to: • (a) Strengthen existing institutions and/or establish new ones responsible for the conservation of biologicaldiversity…; • (b) Continue to build capacity for the conservation of biological diversity and the sustainable use of biological resources in all relevantsectors; • (c) Build capacity, especially within Governments, business enterprises and bilateral and multilateral development agencies, for integrating biodiversity concerns… • (d) Enhance the capacity of governmental and private institutions, at the appropriate level, responsible for protected area planning and management…

  13. Global prescriptions on capacitydevelopment • Paris Agreement(2015) • Capacity-building for climate action: Paris Agreement, Article11 • Capacity-building should enhance the capacity and ability of developing country Parties, in particular LDCs and SIDS, to take effective climate changeaction • Capacity-building should be country-driven, based on and responsive to national needs, and foster country ownership ofParties • All Parties should cooperate to enhance the capacity of developing country Parties to implement thisAgreement • All Parties should regularly communicate CD actions or measureson capacity-building • Capacity-building activities shall be enhanced through appropriate institutional arrangements to supportimplementation • Established Paris Committee on Capacity-building--Aims to address gaps and needs in implementing capacity-building in developing countryParties • The Durban Forum on Capacity-building is an annual, in-session event organized under the auspices of the SBI that brings together stakeholders involved in building the capacity of developing countries to mitigate and adapt to climatechange.

  14. Lessons from past globalprescriptions* Discussions at Grenada workshop May2016 These prescriptions represent a great “architecture” of global mandates on capacity development on oceans, aimed at all three levels: societal, institutional, and individual. The combined set of prescriptions are rightly very ambitious and, if implemented, would have a bigimpact However: --the extent of implementation is not known (there is no overall tracking of efforts, expenditures, aggregateimpact) --partial empirical information suggests limited implementation and that the total level of funds expended has been relatively small --Most of the provisions (except for the Paris Agreement and IPBES)are: --not associated with a follow-upmechanism/procedure --not associated with a fundingmechanism -- There has been little strategic planning and visioninvolved * Drawn, in part, from ICP 2010, and Cicin-Sain et al 2011, Rio+20report

  15. 2. Capacity DevelopmentNeeds Refer to ABNJ survey of needs(hand-out) Expressed needs vary by region Continuum—Coastal zones—EEZs,ABNJ ABNJ capacity to benefit EEZ management aswell

  16. 3. Advancesinconsensus building in thePrepCom deliberations Points from Chair’s Non-Paper from PrepCom3

  17. Objectives of capacity building and transfer of technology in BBNJinstrument • Enhance and develop the capacity and ability of developing countries to effectively implement theagreement • States shall cooperate in promoting transfer of technology and scientific knowledge on BBNJ so that all States, especially SIDS, will benefit from the BBNJ resources • Enhance the implementation of UNCLOS obligations to promote the development of marine scientific research capacity in developing States and to promote the transfer of marine science andtechnology • Enable States now unable to do so to eventually become parties to and effectively participate in the implementation of the implementingagreement.

  18. Scope of needs and priorities for capacity building • Includes, but is not limited to, human resourceand institutionalcapacity: • scientific, educational, technicalassistance • individual capacity building through training and scholarships, exchange of experts, and research cooperation programmes, awareness raising and knowledge sharing • Covers capacity building in respect to new access and benefit-sharing regime; implementation and monitoring of ABMTs including MPAs; conduct and evaluation of EIAs • Includes institutional building at the regional, sub- regional and nationallevels

  19. Principles guiding capacity-building and technologytransfer • The capacity-building and/or transfer of marine technology under the existing instruments and mechanisms (such as UNCLOS, ISA, IOC- UNESCO capacity development) should be enhanced; taking intoaccount the IOCGuidelines • Should be clear, results-oriented, needs-driven and guided bylessons learned, including from otherinstruments • Should be on fair and reasonable terms;voluntary • Transfer of technology should enable all countries concerned, tobenefit from developments in marine science related activities on an equitable basis • Should be long-term/ongoing, to take into account developments in scientific knowledge and address newimpacts

  20. Types of and modalities for capacity- building and technology transfer • Must be simple, targeted, expeditious and include mechanism for identification ofneeds • Prioritize identifying institutional needs under ILBI before discussing whether existing arrangements can fulfill theseneeds • States involved in bioprospecting should provide CB&TT to developingcountries • Concrete measures may include: Development of regional centers; knowledge sharing; scholarships/other grants for SIDS/other relevant training programmes; joint scientific research projects between developed and developing countries; national and regional scientific centres, including as datarepositories.

  21. Repository/Clearing-housemechanism • Could provide centralized information access and sharing for all on activities, programmes and projects occurring in ABNJ; existing andfuture • Provide prioritized lists of required capacity-building efforts and marine technology; may have a “match-making”function • Include a provision to improve the interoperability and linkages between existing mechanisms, including in terms of data and sample collection andsharing • Further consideration of IOC as a possible clearing-house mechanism forILBI

  22. Funding • Establish an adequate, predictable and sustainable fundto: • Assist SIDS and other developing countries in meetingtheir commitments under theagreement • Fund capacity-building and TT activities andprogrammes • Innovative financing/new ocean sustainability finance tools will be needed to support international cooperation, development of technologies and collaborativeresearch • Establish a multilateral fund to support regional scientific and technological centers with pooled global resources in order to enhance technology transferefforts • Funding and institutional arrangements based on both voluntary and monetary proceeds, see Nagoya Protocol and ISA capacity building fundingarrangements

  23. Monitoring, review andfollow-up • The needs identified and priorities for capacity building reviewed by an advisory or decision-making body underILBI • Establishment of a monitoring mechanism and reporting requirements to facilitate periodic reviews, measuresuccess • Hold regular meeting of the States Parties to assess the needs and to fill in thegaps • Mechanism to monitor the impacts of the capacity building and technology transfer programmes with a periodic review to assess funding needs, and funding sources so that the recipient countries and regions’ needs can be adequately met on a stable and long- termbasis.

  24. 4. Some questions for SideEvent --What lessons are/have we learned from existing efforts at Capacity Development inABNJ? --What should be the relationship between Capacity Development and TechnologyTransfer? --Regarding Modalities, Funding Options, Clearinghouse Mechanism, what might be some useful models in other relevantareas? --What process might be mobilized to further identify and evaluate the pros and cons of various options on theabove?

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