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Preface to College English This book was written in accordance with the requirement set by The Fundamental Requirements for the Teaching of English for Professional and Post-secondary Education published by the Ministry of Education in 2000. In this handbook the students’ capability of being able to use English in communication was identified as the ultimate goal of the English teaching, and it set forth the standard for the writing of syllabus, textbooks and the design of the simulated tests.
Preface to College English This textbook was written based on The Requirements. The delivery of the knowledge and the emphasis on the application of the language are the basic concerns of this book; however, it pays equal attention to the expansion of the students’ knowledge in English and their capability in the language analysis.
Preface to College English When deciding on the complexity of the content, language points and the application of the language, we took into consideration the features of long distance education and the reality that adult learners have less time, weak English background, and no language environment; therefore, books, CD-ROMs and online videos were adopted to help students with visual and audio assistance. Every text was read by the Canadian expert in language education. The students can use the CD-Rum or online courseware to enjoy or imitate the reading of the texts.
Preface to College English As the chief editor of this book, I began to get involved in the project of long-distance education in 1997, in cooperation with the Ministry of Education, Qinghua Tongfang and the School of Online Education of Lanzhou University. The courseware designed by me and my collaborators once won the 3rd prize in the 5th national multi-media courseware design competition. A previous book edited by me, College English for Adults, was widely recognized by the students who once used it.
Preface to College English In 2002 I went to McMaster University in Canada as a visiting scholar and in 2004 I received the degree of M.Phil. in Second Language Education across Cultures from the University of Cambridge in the UK and in 2010 I received the degree of Ph.D. in Comparative Literature from the University of Alberta in Canada.
Preface to College English for Long-distance Education The advisor of this book, Professor Jonathan L. Hart, was my supervisor when I did my Ph.D. studies at the University of Alberta. He is a distinguished scholar in the academic world. He is the member of the Royal Society in both Canada and the United Kingdom; he is also the chair of the Committee of Fulbright in the United States and Canada. In 2009 he was awarded the prestigious Fulbright Visiting Chair Award to conduct research at Harvard and Duke universities.
Preface to College English The recording of the text and the proofreading of the English part of the whole textbook were done by Lorin Yochim. He authored A Vocation of the Heart published in 2008 by VDM Verlag. He is now an instructor in the Department of Education at the University of Alberta. Other committee members all have the experience of overseas studies and have worked in the field of English teaching for many years.
Preface to College English This textbook has four volumes. Volumes 1 and 2 are bound in one book called College English (shang) and volumes 3 and 4 are bound in another book called College English (xia), separately corresponding to Level B and Level A in the complexity of languages and the scope of language points.
Preface to College English At the back of the first book we provided several simulated tests designed in accordance with the requirements regulated in the unified English test syllabus made by the committee of the national online higher education. Answers to the questions were supplied with detailed explanations and analysis so that the students will learn how to answer those types of questions and get to be familiar with all the language points that they have to know through doing simulated tests.
Preface to College English This set of textbooks has ten units in each volume, with each unit having a different topic. Each unit is composed of the following parts: 1) Warm-up questions before each text, which is intended to activate the thinking of the students and getting them prepared for the coming-up texts in content and main ideas. 2) Side notes, which present the phonetics for the unknown words and their definitions, to guarantee that there is no necessity for the students to stop for the dictionary so that their capability in reading and understanding academic writings will be practiced and developed.
Preface to College English 3) Language points, which cover the most important language phenomena in English, including words, phrases and sentence patterns with definitions, explanations and samples to show how to use these language points and in which contexts. 4) Exercises, which include vocabulary, sentence patterns and translations either from English to Chinese or vice verse. Students are expected to master all language phenomena included in this part to get ready for the final exam.
Preface to College English 5) Enjoy English, which is mainly composed of humors, proverbs and supplementary readings relevant to the topic and content of the text. The purpose is to increase the students’ interest in learning English and to provide different contexts for the use of the language.
Preface to College English 6) Grammar, which details all the defining elements of the language. In most situations the definition is given in Chinese with the purpose that the students should thoroughly understand the definition first and then how to use these grammatical knowledge which distinguish English from other languages, for example, in English we say “He went to Beijing yesterday” which, when translated into Chinese, should be sentenced as “ 他昨天去北京了”; you cannot literally translate it as “他去北京了昨天”. This translation has sufficiently demonstrated that each language has its defining elements and conventionalized expressions. The students should know them and consciously apply them when use the language.
Preface to College English 7) Academic Writing, which starts from how to write correct sentences to the composition of the academic writings. Writing skills are introduced and exercises are required to be done right after the introduction of the knowledge.
Preface to College English To facilitate the students’ self-studies, we provided answers to all the questions mentioned in the Exercises and Academic Writings at the back of the textbook, so that the students can timely find out their problems with the knowledge of the language when doing those exercises and getting the correct feedback immediately.
Preface to College English In the end, we beg your pardon if there are any mistakes in spelling, typing or editing. Due to the fact that while the book was printed I was still in Canada, mistakes caused by time pressure and the long-distance cooperation are unavoidable. We sincerely thank you for your understanding and support, based on which the quality of this set of textbook will be greatly improved in the future.
Foreword to College English by Jonathan Hart I have introduced Professor Hart in the “Preface to College English”. In his “Foreword”, he sufficiently emphasized the value of this textbook in helping the Chinese students with their English learning. As a distinguished scholar in the English speaking world, his following comments are worthwhile to listen:
Foreword to College English by Jonathan Hart “Learning English or any other language is no easy task, but the rewards in intellectual and cultural growth are many. There can also be other practical benefits at work and for your social benefit because English, like Mandarin, is spoken by a large number of people. English is the second language of people in the European Union outside of the United Kingdom, and is spoken as a first or second language in many places in the former British Empire (now the Commonwealth) like India, South Africa, Nigeria, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica and Canada…”
Foreword to College English by Jonathan Hart “…The fact that India has English as one of its official languages and that many universities in the European Union teach courses in English means that you will have many opportunities. Being from such an important culture and state as China, whose language is ancient and prominent in the world, you bring a great deal to other cultures and to the learning of English. Just think of your opportunities to meet people, to be wise and cultured, and to have interesting jobs if you know Mandarin and English. ..”
Foreword to College English by Jonathan Hart “…And there is the United States, which has extended the use of English as Britain did, because of its economic, social and cultural power. Hollywood is just one way the United States has further spread the use of English. Until recently, the United States, like China, was often isolationist. Both these countries are big and apparently self-sufficient in so many ways. But people have been migrating since we all moved out of Africa long before more complex human societies started emerging about fifteen thousand years ago…”
Foreword to College English by Jonathan Hart “…The world has had global movements of peoples, and we are all cousins, however we look on the outside, and whatever languages we speak. Much more joins us than divides us...”
Foreword to College English by Jonathan Hart “…The story of the Tower of Babel is about the fall into many languages from one language that humans understood. The diversity of languages is a great blessing but also taxes us because our lives are short and the world is changing ever more rapidly. Who knows what languages will be important to study? We can only project from present circumstances. Part of this choice rests with the individual and can be personal, aesthetic, historical and practical…”
Foreword to College English by Jonathan Hart “… For anyone in China wanting to study other languages for pragmatic reasons, it looks as though Hindi, Arabic, Japanese, German, Spanish, Portuguese and English, by sheer numbers and economic and geographical reach, would join Mandarin and Cantonese as good languages to study. Probably if a Martian had to pick two practical human languages to learn in the twenty-first century he or she would select Mandarin and English. So you have Mandarin and are learning English, so you are one step ahead of the Martian or any other extraterrestrial...”
Foreword to College English by Jonathan Hart “…There are social and practical reasons to learn English, but it is also a language with a vast vocabulary and a rich history and literature and expresses the thoughts and feelings of people of many different backgrounds and beliefs across the globe. This has been true for centuries. You can meet a huge variety of people in your travels, virtual and actual, if you study English and it should open many doors to you and give you a great deal of pleasure and satisfaction…”
Foreword to College English by Jonathan Hart “… There are social and practical reasons to learn English, but it is also a language with a vast vocabulary and a rich history and literature and expresses the thoughts and feelings of people of many different backgrounds and beliefs across the globe. This has been true for centuries. You can meet a huge variety of people in your travels, virtual and actual, if you study English and it should open many doors to you and give you a great deal of pleasure and satisfaction…”
Foreword to College English by Jonathan Hart But learning English is, like learning any language, hard work. It takes patience and understanding, and while you should study hard, you should realize that all you can do is your best and that each person learns differently and at his or her own pace. Sometimes something will come easily, sometimes it will not, but if you are patient and keep trying, success will be yours.
Unit One: The Olympic Games Guidance Text: The Olympic Games Language Points Exercises: 1) Vocabulary 2) Structure 3) Translation Enjoy English Grammar • Tense & Voice (时态及语态 ) Academic Writing • Sentence Variety (句子的多样性)
Unit One: The Olympic GamesWarm-up Questions 1) Do you like sports? 2) What do you know about Olympics?
Unit One: The Olympic GamesText (1) The Olympic Games are 1held every four years in a different city in the world. Athletes from many countries 2compete in 3a variety of sports which are 4divided into winter and summer games.
Language Points in the 1st paragraph 1. The Olympic Games are held every four years … • 奥林匹克运动会每四年举行一次… • hold [həuld]vt.&vi. 1) vt. arrange and take part in 举行；主持；进行 • A meeting was held at the church. 有一个会议在教堂召开。 • The headmaster decided to hold a talk between the teachers and the students. 校长决定在老师和学生之间进行一次谈话。 2) vt. 拿着；抓住 • We held each other’s hands. 我们手拉着手。 • The girl is holding the baby in her arms. 那姑娘抱着婴儿。
Language Points in the 1st paragraph 3) vt. contain or be capable of containing容纳；装的下 • The theater holds 1800 people. • 这个剧院能容纳1800人。 • This suitcase will hold all my clothes. • 这只衣箱能盛下我所有的衣服。 4) vt. have in one’s possession 拥有；怀有 • He holds a captain’s certificate. • 他持有船长证书。 • I hold the view that he is an honest man. • 我认为他是一个诚实的人。
Language Points in the 1st paragraph 2. compete [kəm'pi:t]vi. (usually followed by “for something”) 为了什么竞争；对抗 • Universities are competing for applicants. 各大学都在为生源竞争。 • He has to compete with many other candidates for this position. 为了这个职位他必须和许多其他候选人竞争。 • The big and broad fellow will compete against the whole Northwest University squad. 这个又高又膀的小伙子将和整个西北大学田径队比赛。
Language Points in the 1st paragraph 3. variety [və'raiəti]n. 1) n. 变化；多样性 • I don’t like to always eat the same food – I like variety. 我不喜欢总是吃同样的食物– 我喜欢变个花样。 • Everyone enjoys a life full of variety. 每个人都喜欢充满变化的生活。 2) n. 种种(通常以词组 “a variety of” 的形式出现) • The college library has a wide variety of books. 这个大学图书馆有各种各样的书。 • A variety of fruits are displayed on the table. 桌子上摆放着各种各样的水果。
Language Points in the 1st paragraph 4. divide [di'vaid]vt.&vi. 1) vt. to separate or to be separated into parts 分；划分 • The cake was divided into six pieces. 这个蛋糕被分成了六块。 • Magazines can be divided into several catalogues. 杂志可分成几大类。 2) vt.(mathematics) (数学) 除 • The program helps the children to multiply and divide quickly and accurately. 这个节目是帮助孩子们既快又准地乘和除。 • 30 divided by 6 is 5. 6 除30等于5。 3) vi.分叉；分开 • The road divides into two at the other side of the town. 这条道在城的另一边被分开成两条道。 • The grass divides as the car drives through it. 当车碾过，草分向两边。
Unit One: The Olympic GamesText (2) The Olympics began in Greece more than 2700 years ago. The games were 5originally part of a religiousfestival6in honor of the Greek Gods. 7Eventually, the games became the most important festival in all of Greece.
Language Points in the 2nd paragraph 5. originally [ə'ridʒənəli]adv. 1) from or in the beginning 起初，原来 • The dress was originally $60. 这件衣服原价60美元。 • Potatoes originally came from South America. 土豆最初产自南美。 2) in an inventive way 独创地；新颖地 • The room was decorated very originally. 这个房间布置的很新颖。 • The suggestions are so originally and persuasively outlined. 这些建议概述的既新颖又具说服力。
Language Points in the 2nd paragraph 6.in honor of: 为…而庆祝；为纪念…；为…表示敬意 • They gave a banquet in honor of the delegation. 他们举办了宴会向代表团表示敬意。 • The citizens decided to put up a monument in honor of those killed in battles. 市民们建造纪念碑向阵亡的战士表示敬意。 honor ['ɔnə]n.&vt. 1) n. 荣誉；光荣 • All the soldiers want to win honor on the field of battle. 所有的战士都想在战场上获得荣誉。 • You are an honor to our profession. 你是我们这个行业的光荣。
Language Points in the 2nd paragraph 2) vt. 尊敬；尊重 • We Chinese people honor the principle of coexistence. 中国人民尊重和平共处的原则。 • Jane now has to learn to honor her father’s memory. 简现在学得不得不尊重她父亲的记忆力。 3) vt. 给… 以荣誉；给… 授勋 • The talented writers were honored at a special ceremony. 这些有才华的作家在仪式上受到了表彰。 • The Premier honored us with his presence. 总理莅场是我们的荣幸。
Language Points in the 2nd paragraph 7. eventually [i'ventjuəli]adv.终于；最终 • He eventually retired from business. 他终于从商界退休了。 • He eventually saw that he was mistaken. 他终于认识到他错了。 • eventual adj.最终发生的；结果的 • Jim’s mistake led to his eventual dismissal. 吉姆的错误导致他最终被解雇。 • My mother’s persistence brought her eventual success. 我母亲的坚持不懈终于给她带来了成功。
Unit One: The Olympic GamesText (3) The first 8recorded Olympic competition was held in 776 B.C. It was held in an outdoorstadium which was about 200 meters long and 30 meters wide. The stadium was in a valley, and about forty thousand people watched the 9event. The first thirteen Olympics 10consisted of only one race - running.
Language Points in the 3rd paragraph 8. record ['rekɔd]vt.&vi&n. • 1) vt. 记录；记载 • It is recorded in history Tokyo was destroyed twice by earthquakes. • 据历史记载东京曾两次被大地震摧毁。 • They were asked to keep a diary and record everything they ate and drank. 他们被要求写日记并记录下他们吃喝的每一样东西。 • 2) vi. 记录；录音 • Does this machine record well? • 3) n. 记录；记载 • When I travel, I keep a record of everything that happens. • 我旅行的时候把发生的一切都记录下来。 • His medical records showed that he was not healthy. • 他的病历表明他身体状况不佳。
Language Points in the 3rd paragraph 4) n. 履历；成绩 • He has a very distinguished record. 他的履历非常出色。 • This airline has a poor safety record. 这家航空公司安全记录很糟糕。 5) n. 唱片；录制品 • My best friend John likes the record of Beethoven’s Sixth Symphony. • 我最好的朋友喜欢贝多芬的《第六交响曲》。 • Would you please play a record by the Beatles? 请放一首披头士的唱片好吗？ 6) n. 最高记录；最佳记录 • All newspapers set sales records Monday. 星期一所有的报纸创销售记录。 • It is Liu Li who holds the record for running the mile. 是刘力在保持着公里跑记录。
Language Points in the 3rd paragraph 9.event [i'vent]n. 1) 发生的事情；事件 • The invention of anaesthetics is a great event in medicine. 麻醉剂的发明是医学界的一项大事。 • China’s accession to the WTO is the chief event of the 21st century. 中国加入WTO是21世纪的一项大事。 2) 比赛项目 • All students must take part in the track and field events. 所有学生须参加田径项目。 • Football is a team event. 足球是团体项目。
Language Points in the 3rd paragraph 10. consist [kən'sist]vi. 1) vi. (consist of) be made up of 组成；构成 • The crew consists of six persons. 全体人员由6人组成。 • This article consists of three paragraphs. 2) vi. (consist in ) have as an essential feature 在于；存在于 • Her charm does not consist only in her beauty. 她的魅力不仅仅在于她的美丽。 • The beauty of this house lies in its simplicity. 这间房子的美丽在于它的简约。
Unit One: The Olympic Games Text (4) Beginning in 776 B.C. the games were held 11regularly for about 1,200 years. But in the year 397 A.D. the Olympics were 12prohibited by the Roman Emperor.
Language Points in the 4th paragraph 11. regularly ['regjuləli]adv.有规则地; 定期地 • You should go over your lessons regularly. 你应该定期复习。 • The plane flies from Shanghai to Lanzhou regularly every Tuesday.
Language Points in the 4th paragraph 12. prohibit [prə'hibit]vt. 1) vt. (法令) 禁止 • Tourist class passengers are prohibited from using the first class lounge. 普通舱游客禁止使用头等休闲室。 • Smoking is prohibited in public places. 不许在公共场合吸烟。 2) vt. 妨碍；阻碍 • Heavy fog prohibited flying. 大雾阻碍了飞行。 • Family finances prohibited me from going to college. 家庭财政状况妨碍了我上大学。
Unit One: The Olympic Games Text (5) It was not until 1896 that the first Olympics of modern times were held in Athens. 13From then on the games have been held regularly every four years. The Olympics have become the world’s most important athletic events and a 14symbol of the sporting friendship of all the people of the world.
Language Points in the 5th paragraph 13. from then on 从那时起…一直 • My father died when I was ten years old. From then on, I had to earn my own living. • 我10岁时父亲去世。从那时起，我得自己谋生。 • From then on they became friends. • 从那时起，他们成为好朋友。 14. symbol ['simbəl]n.符号, 标志, 象征 • The dove is a symbol of peace 鸽子是和平的象征。 • The symbol for China is the Five-Starred Red Flag. 五星红旗是中国的象征。
Unit One: The Olympic GamesExercises about the Text • Vocabulary: fill in the blanks with the words and expressions given below, changing the form where necessary. // from then on; a variety of; prohibit; eventually; honor; // hold; originally; divide; symbol; regularly; // record; consist of; festival; compete 1) His day ______ between work and relaxation. (is divided ) 2) This position ______ by him for eight years. (has been held) 3) Paris ______ as the “City of Light”. (is honored )
