COLONIAL HISTORY EXPANDED AND UPENDED Huntington Library December 2010

1. COLONIAL HISTORY EXPANDED AND UPENDEDHuntington LibraryDecember 2010

2. The Standards • 5.3 Students describe the cooperation and conflict that existed among the American Indians and between the Indian nations and the new settlers. • 1. Describe the competition among the English, French, Spanish, Dutch, and Indian nations for control of North America. • 2. Describe the cooperation that existed between the colonists and Indians during the 1600s and 1700s (e.g., in agriculture, the fur trade, military alliances, treaties, cultural interchanges). • 3. Examine the conflicts before the Revolutionary War (e.g., the Pequot and King Philip’s Wars in New England, the Powhatan Wars in Virginia, the French and Indian War). • 5.24. Locate on maps of North and South America land claimed by Spain, France, England, Portugal, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Russia.

7. California as Island

8. 1692 in Comparative Perspective • Salem • Santa Fe • The Illinois Country

9. To look beyond the British experience that has too often dominated colonial histories To compare British, French, and Spanish expectations and experiences To show how limited colonial power was in the interior of North America To highlight how competition between empires allowed Indian peoples to counter colonialism and, in some instances, to construct successful empires of their own.  To investigate how historical and contemporary textbook maps have distorted our understanding of early American history To explore alternative mappings of early America and explain the connections between cartography and culture

10. The Multiple Frontiers of Colonial North America • The Anglo and Eastern Biases of Colonial History • The “Indian Side” of Colonial History • Frontiers of Inclusion and Exclusion • Patterns of Domination, Accommodation, and Incorporation • Indians as Expansionists

12. Diversity and Dynamism: The Problem with “Culture Areas” and “Language Families”

17. Missionization and Its Discontents • “Reduction” to Civilization • Resistance: Rebellions, Raids, Runaways • Quiet Defiance • Civilized or Syphilized?

18. New France

20. Missionary Positions • Conversions • Reversions • Syncretism

22. The Fur Trade and the Transformation of Indian Warfare • Mourning Wars • Beaver Wars • The Impact of Guns, Germs, and Alcohol • From Mutuality to Dependency

23. Thanksgiving and Pocahontas: The Great Exceptions

24. Gold, God, and GloryFish, Fur, and the FaithLand, Land, and Land

25. British Expansion From Dependency to Domination Family Migrations Land Hunger Colonization as Conquest

26. Countering Colonialism • Migration • Accommodation • Incorporation • Confederation • Revitalization • Indian Expansion

27. The “Sioux” and Comanches as Winners of the West in the 18th Century

40. Bibliography • Aron, Stephen. American Confluence: The Missouri Frontier from Borderland to Border State. Bloomington, IN., 2006. • Barr, Julianna. Peace Came in the Form of a Woman: Indians and Spaniards in the Texas Borderlands. Chapel Hill, 2007. • Calloway, Colin. One Vast Winter Count: The Native American West before Lewis and Clark. Lincoln, NE, 2003. • DuVal, Kathleen. The Native Ground: Indians and Colonists in the Heart of the Continent. Philadelphia, 2006. • Hackel, Steven. Children of Coyote, Missionaries of St. Francis: Indian-Spanish Relations in Colonial California, 1769-1850. Chapel Hill, 2005. • Hamalainen, Pekka. The Comanche Empire. New Haven, 2008. • Elliott, John H. Empires of the Atlantic World: Britain and Spain in America, 1492-1830. New Haven, 2006. • Richter, Daniel. Facing East from Indian Country: A Native History of Early America. Cambridge, MA., 2001. • Taylor, Alan. American Colonies: The Settling of North America. New York, 2001. • Weber, David. The Spanish Frontier in North America. New Haven, 1992. • White, Richard. The Middle Ground: Indians, Empires, and Republics in the Great Lakes Region, 1650-1815. New York, 1991.