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Accessibility in Internet Services

Accessibility in Internet Services. Case Electronic Banking. S-72.158 Master’s thesis seminar 6th June 2006. Accessibility in Internet Services - Case Electronic Banking Author Jaakko Vilén Supervisor professor Timo Korhonen Instructor M.Sc. Teppo Jansson, Nordea

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Accessibility in Internet Services

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  1. Accessibility in Internet Services Case Electronic Banking

  2. S-72.158 Master’s thesis seminar 6th June 2006 • Accessibility in Internet Services - Case Electronic Banking • Author Jaakko Vilén • Supervisor professor Timo Korhonen • Instructor M.Sc. Teppo Jansson, Nordea • Work carried out at Fidenta, joint venture of TietoEnator and Nordea Accessibility in Internet Services

  3. Presentation contents • Background, Nordea Netbank’s text version • Research problems • Accessibility in Web based services • Methodology, accessibility evaluation • Results • Conclusions Accessibility in Internet Services

  4. Nordea Netbank’s text version • First published in mid 1990’s • Main user group in mobile use: communicators, mobile phones, PDAs • ”Facelift” project carried out during spring 2006 • improved user interface • accessibility • usability • outlook to look more like the new version of Nordea Netbank • scheduled launch in early June 2006 Accessibility in Internet Services

  5. User terminal Netbank version Full-size desktop / laptop computer Netbank for private users Netbank for corporate users Communicator, wide screen Text version Text-browser, assistive technology Mobile phone with Web-browser, narrow screen Mobile Netbank Mobile phone with WAP-browser WAP services Nordea’s Netbank versions per user terminal Accessibility in Internet Services

  6. Research problem • Goals for this study are: • Create an image of accessibility in Web based services, including standards and legislation. • Investigate the accessibility factors in electronic banking. • Improve accessibility and usability of Nordea Netbank’s text version. • Find a conformance level of Nordea Netbank’s text version for accessibility. • Gain accessibility experience in practice, as addition to all theories. Accessibility in Internet Services

  7. Accessibility • Two-dimensional concept: • accessibility in physical environment • accessibility in information and communication technologies • Disabilities in computer use • Natural disabilities: • Eg. blindness, low-vision, colour-blindness, low dexterity, dyslexia, epilepsy, hearing impairment • Technical barriers: • Eg. “wrong” browser, difficult user interface Accessibility in Internet Services

  8. How to help the disabled in computer use • Synthetic voice, digital audio, or Braille for people who are blind • Screen magnification and large text fonts for people with diminished vision or dyslexia • Descriptive text, captioning, and visual cues for people who are deaf or have hearing disabilities • Specialised adaptations for people who have physical disabilities involving the use of a keyboard, voice recognition mechanism, mouse, or other input device that requires a part of their body other than their hands and fingers to control a web browser • And.. • Good design: accessibility guidelines and usability engineering Accessibility in Internet Services

  9. Braille display Accessibility in Internet Services

  10. Level Examples, physical accessibility Web accessibility Global UN recommendations (common principles) W3C’s WAI: WCAG Europe EU directive of equal treatment in employment EC recommendation on public web sites Finland Land Use and Building Decree, Ensuring accessibility in building Ministry of the Interior recommendation on public administration web sites accessibility Corporations, organizations Municipality policy, e.g. Accessible Helsinki project 2002-2011 Company policy, e.g. Nordea Accessibility Policy Accessibility, legislation view Accessibility in Internet Services

  11. Methodology, Web accessibility evaluation • Based on Web Accessibility Initiative’s standard on Web content • Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 1.0 • 14 principles, each having several checkpoints • Three levels of conformance, A, AA and AAA • Evaluation using partly • automatic software, • manual checking and • user testing with a blind user • Done in two phases, corrections made after the first evaluation Accessibility in Internet Services

  12. Evaluation • Manual evaluation • Internet Explorer 6 (Windows NT operating system) • Firefox 1.0.2, 1.5 (Windows NT) • Opera 6.05, 7.54, 8.01 (Windows NT) • Netscape 7.2 (Windows NT) • Konqueror 3.3.2 (Linux) • Safari 2.0.3 (Mac) • Lynx (via SSH-connection), text browser • Multiple mobile browsers • WCAG 1.0 Checklist of Checkpoints Accessibility in Internet Services

  13. Evaluation • Accessibility software • Wave Accessibility Tool 3.0 • W3C HTML validator • JAWS with Internet Explorer and Mikropuhe speech synthesizer, and Tieman Braille display in user test Accessibility in Internet Services

  14. Results, conformance level • Thesis includes planning and implementing the evaluation • Writing the code is not part of the thesis, but thorough understanding of HTML and CSS techniques were inevitable • Second (final) evaluation still in process • The achieved level will be probably ”A”, and with some exclusions level ”AA” • Level ”AAA” was seen too hypothetical for an existing application Accessibility in Internet Services

  15. Conclusions • Completely valid HTML very difficult to achieve on an existing, and very ”old”, product • some devices don’t even support completely valid (X)HTML • Testing with different browsers, changing the browser settings and seeing adaptive technology in practice has been very influential • WCAG 1.0 guidelines are good but they are not usable themselves • WCAG 2.0 will be published soon, but has already received critique • Also other sources for accessibility guidelines exist, but WAI is the salient source, reference for others Accessibility in Internet Services

  16. Conclusions for netbank development • Thorough understanding of markup language is important • The code could be checked more in development phase • Testing with unusual styles of computer use is very helpful • Keyboard-only is the best quick way to see for accessibility problems • Not loading images nor CSS shows the “real” page lying behind • Importance of usability is extremely remarkable, e.g. the elderly • The needed emphasis is not very much, but benefits can be great • The executed improvements enable e.g. good scalability of the text size, use without images, use without mouse, use of different user terminals and user agents • Benefits for wide range of users Accessibility in Internet Services

  17. Test yourself! • The upgraded version of Nordea Netbank’s text version published 5th June 2006 • https://mobile.nordea.fi • Text version & Mobile Netbank • Questions, comments? • Thank you! • jaakko.vilen@tietoenator.com Accessibility in Internet Services

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