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II. Roman Empire

II. Roman Empire. A. Republic Collapses. As Rome grew its Republican form of government became unstable As Rome grew the gap between rich and poor grew wider Rich landowners owned huge estates where slaves did the work. Small farmers were unable to compete with slave labor

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II. Roman Empire

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  1. II. Roman Empire

  2. A. Republic Collapses • As Rome grew its Republican form of government became unstable • As Rome grew the gap between rich and poor grew wider • Rich landowners owned huge estates where slaves did the work

  3. Small farmers were unable to compete with slave labor Many were forced to sell their land and move to the city to find work 1/4th of Rome’s population was made up of the urban poor

  4. B. Help is on the Way • Tiberius & Gaius Gracchus – Brothers who attempt to help the urban poor • Upset Roman elites • Both brothers met violent deaths • Civil war erupted in Rome following their deaths

  5. C. Julius Caesar • Strong leader and military genius who rose up during the civil war • 59 BC – Caesar was elected Consul • Following Roman tradition he served one year but declares himself Governor of Gaul (France)

  6. Caesar led his men and conquered all of Gaul 46 BC – Caesar returned to Rome with the support of his army and was named dictator 44 BC – Caesar is named dictator for life

  7. “Crossing the Rubicon”

  8. D. Caesar’s Reforms • Extended the right to vote to many people newly added to the Roman rule • Made many reforms to help the poor • Created many public works jobs • Also created the modern day calendar system (July is named after him)

  9. E. Caesar’s Death • March 15, 44 BC – Caesar was assassinated by members of the Senate who feared he was becoming too powerful • Known as the Ides of March

  10. Assassination of Julius Caesar

  11. F. Beginning of an Empire • Civil war broke out again following Caesar’s death • Octavian and Mark Antony joined together and ruled Rome for 10 years • Their alliance ends in jealousy and violence

  12. G. Octavian vs. Antony • Mark Antony met the Egyptian Queen Cleopatra (former wife of Julius Caesar) while leading Roman troops • Fell in love and formed an alliance • Octavian accused Antony of plotting against Rome and civil war broke out again • 31 BC – Octavian is able to defeat the combined forces of Mark Antony and Cleopatra – Battle of Actium

  13. Cleopatra

  14. H. Pax Romana • Octavian became ruler of all Rome • Augustus – Title given to Octavian which means the exalted one • PaxRomana – 200 year period of Roman peace

  15. Caesar Augustus

  16. I. Society and Culture • Many people in the Roman Empire were jobless • Government gave out daily grain rations • Government also provide free games, race, mock battles, and gladiator contest • Colosseum – Stadium that held over 50,000 people where gladiator contests took place

  17. The Colosseum

  18. A Look Inside

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