1 / 36

Technology and Strategy

Sea Power & Maritime Affairs. Lesson 6. Technology and Strategy. 1865-1890. Admin. Anything you want to include Quizzes Assignments Etc. Last Class. American Civil War Causes Outbreak of war Union and Confederate strategies Navies' roles in war Lessons from war. Today.

elom
Download Presentation

Technology and Strategy

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Sea Power & Maritime Affairs Lesson 6 Technology and Strategy 1865-1890

  2. Admin • Anything you want to include • Quizzes • Assignments • Etc

  3. Last Class American Civil War • Causes • Outbreak of war • Union and Confederate strategies • Navies' roles in war • Lessons from war

  4. Today Post American Civil War • Revolution in Navy technology

  5. 8 Key Themes • Navy as an instrument of foreign policy • Interaction between Congress and Navy • Interservicerelations • Technology • Leadership • Strategy & Tactics • Evolution of US Naval Doctrine • Future missions of Navy and USMC

  6. Seapower & Maritime Affairs Post Civil War - WWI

  7. How strong is the US Navy? End of Civil War 5 Years Later • 700 Ships • 5000 Guns • 58,000 Sailors • 52 Ship • 500 Guns • 6000 Sailors

  8. Reason? Post-war Domestic Issues • “Reconstruction” • economic depression • Federal debt • Political squabbling Result • Internal focus • External Isolationism • Naval Defense loses importance

  9. Impact on American Sea Power? US Naval Sea Power Naval Force • US sea power declines • no longer major naval power • #1 (or #2) in world to #12 • Navy underfunded • Ships • R&D • People (Officers/Enlisted) • Training “Dark Ages Navy Stagnates for 15 years

  10. Technology Era of experimentation Development of “Modern Warship”

  11. Who Leads It? • British French Germans

  12. What is different?

  13. What is different?

  14. Changes to Ships Ship Design Armor Hull material (40 years) • Wood-Iron • Iron • Iron-steel (1872) • Steel (1886) • Nickel-Steel Other features • Gun concentration in center • Compartmentization • Engine efficiency increases • Oil replaces coal • Rams • 24” to 6” (20 years) Turn of 20th Century: Armor ineffective

  15. New Ships HMS Dreadnought • All-Big-Gun Battleship • 1905 • Turbine Engines / 21 KIAS • “Dreadnought” v. “Pre-Dreadnought” ** All battleships obsolete Battle Cruisers • As big as battleships • Less armor • Many guns and fast Destroyers • Attack torpedo boats • Torpedo carrier • Screen for capital ships • Anti-submarine • Scouting

  16. 1905 HMS Dreadnought “Pre-Dreadnought” or “Dreadnought”

  17. Changes to Guns & Munitions Guns Munitions • Breech-loading • Wrought Iron • Steel (1881) • Recoil • Brown powder • Smokeless powder • Armor-piercing shells

  18. Torpedoes Torpedoes Torpedo Boats (Destroyers) • Led to need for submarine destroyers • Fish Torpedo (1871) • First effective destroyer

  19. Submarine • John Phillip Holland • Irish-American • 1900 – USS Holland • Mechanically-powered • Attacking armored vessels and harbor protection • No counter-weapons

  20. Emerging Technology Aircraft 1903 • Wright Brothers Purpose • Torpedo plane • Scout 1910-1912 • Eugene Ely • Glenn Curtis • LT T. G. Ellyson • Naval Flight School

  21. Emerging Technology Aircraft • Eugene Ely • Nov. 14, 1910 • Hampton Roads • USS Birmingham

  22. Emerging Technology Aircraft • Glen Curtis • Curtis Seaplane

  23. Emerging Technology Aircraft • 1910-1912 • LT T. G. Ellyson • Naval Flight School

  24. Radio **Invention of greatest immediate consequence • Instantly implemented • Enormous consequence in succeeding wars

  25. The “Big Picture” • Accelerating technological advancements • Fast obsolescence • Short life for cutting-edge ships • Competition to stay ahead of others • US Navy was a laggard Was this good or bad?

  26. ABCD Ships • 1883 • Reason: Diplomatic impotence • USS Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Dolphin • First “All-Steel” ships • Boon for steel industry Why do we care? Congress begins authorizing consistent ship construction.

  27. How did tactics change? Tactics more complex but not institutionalized • Battle of Lissa • Spanish-American War • Russo-Japanese War Overall • Less formality (no line) • Distant engagements • Battle Group tactics • Ships • Attacks • Munitions

  28. History Wars, conflicts, and interventions Diplomacy

  29. Major Events? US Conflicts • Small international conflicts • Pacific & Caribbean • Spanish-American War (1898) Uninvolved International Conflict • Russo-Japanese War (1905)

  30. American foreign Policy? • “Open Door Policy” (1899) • Roosevelt Corollary (1904) • Venezuela, Dominican Republic & Cuba • “Speak softly and carry a big stick” Overall foreign policy • Spirit of Imperialism • Awareness of Navy’s role • Economy • National Strength • Foreign Policy

  31. Colonialism Pre-1900

  32. 1873-1875 Virginius Affair • Cuban Civil War • Virginius was American ship hired by insurrectionists to supply revolution • American & British crew • Spanish capture it • (53) executed for piracy • Enormous international tension • US poised to declare war • Settlement: Reparations for affected families • Sparks Naval Renaissance: we realize there is no weight to our threats

  33. 1887-1889 Samoan Crisis • Samoan Civil War • Germany interfering (colonial ambition) • US and Great Britain opposed Germany • Tense standoff • (3) American v. (3) German warships • Before hostilities, a cyclone wrecked all (6) ships. • Standoff ends • Agreed to partition • American Samoa • German Samoa

  34. 1891 True Blue Saloon Incident • Chilean Revolution • USS Baltimore sent to protect American interests • 2 killed, 18 wounded at bar in Valparaiso • US demands restitution • Chile pays, but US realizes its Navy is weaker than Chile’s Navy.

  35. What do these incidents teach US? • Reinforce “Social Darwinism” • Navy is key to • International diplomacy • National prosperity

  36. Next Class

More Related