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Organic Chemistry

Organic Chemistry. Meth- Eth- Prop- But- Pent-. Hex- Hept- Oct- Non- Dec-. Prefixes. Count number of carbons in longest chain. Alkanes. Only single bonds between C’s Root -ane Formula is C n H 2n+2. Alkenes. One double bonds between C’s

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Organic Chemistry

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  1. Organic Chemistry

  2. Meth- Eth- Prop- But- Pent- Hex- Hept- Oct- Non- Dec- Prefixes • Count number of carbons in longest chain

  3. Alkanes • Only single bonds between C’s • Root -ane • Formula is CnH2n+2

  4. Alkenes • One double bonds between C’s • Root #-ene (# = location of dbl bond always lowest number) • Formula is CnH2n for single alkene • Can have more than one double bond simply indicated by #,#-di-ene, etc. • Subtract 2 H for each extra double bond

  5. Alkynes • One triple bonds between C’s • Root #-yne (# = location of tpl bond always lowest number) • Formula is CnH2n-2 for single alkyne • Can have more than one triple bond simply indicated by #,#-di-yne, etc. • Subtract 4 H for each extra triple bond

  6. Cyclic Hydrocarbons Cyclo-carbons in a ring (CnH2n for alkane) Cyclopentane Cyclopropane Cyclobutane Cyclohexane

  7. Practice • CH4 • CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 • CHCH • CH3CH2CH2CCCH3 • CH2CHCH3

  8. Practice • Propane • 2-Hexene • Ethyne • Cyclohexane • Cyclopentyne

  9. Branches • Branch – chain of C(s) off main chain • Double or triple bonds have to be in main chain • Named by counting number of carbons and adding –yl to prefix and indicating what C it is on ex. 3-methylhexane • If two of the same branch write as #,#-di__ ex. 3,4-dimethylhexane

  10. Practice • Exercise 24.1 through 24.4 & 24.6

  11. Cis-Trans • A double bond does not allow rotation therefore there are two isomers for a basic alkene if there are two different groups on each side of the double bond. • If the priority groups are both pointing the same way-cis • If the priority groups are opposite-trans

  12. Cis-Trans • Rules for priority: • Check first element of each group: higher atomic mass has priority • If the first element is the same move to the next one and repeat until they differ

  13. Practice • Exercise 24.5

  14. Aromatic • Only one aromatic you need to know • Benzene C6H6 • Same rules apply • If benzene is an attached group it is named phenyl-

  15. Ortho, meta, para • If two groups on ring then name ortho (o), meta (m), or para (p). CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 Ortho (o-di-methylbenzene) Meta (m-di-methylbenzene) Para (p-di-methylbenzene)

  16. Practice • Exercise 24.7

  17. Homework • 27-39 odd

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