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Objective • Students will observe the instructor demonstrating how to perform the embryology lab and then they shall perform the task with 90% accuracy, and be able to identify what is happening at their stage to explain to the class using the terminology they learned in prior lessons.
1. Foster Farms Background • Foster Farms has been a family-owned and operated company for four generations. • Since our founding days back in 1939, we have always been committed to providing consumers with the highest-quality, best-tasting poultry products available. • Foster Farms started as a small family farm back in Modesto, California, grew into the West's most trusted poultry company.
2. Getting there……. • Egg are hatched by the hens in Arkansas and Colorado. • Trucks take them from there to the California Hatcheries. • The eggs are trucked in controlled temperatures ranging from 80-85 degrees Fahrenheit.
3. Inovoject • Once the eggs get to the hatchery……. • Injects into each egg the correct dosage of vaccine • Usually vaccinate for Marek’s Disease
4. Marek’s Disease • Marek’s Disease is a viral tumor-causing disease of chickens. • There are 4 different forms of Marek’s: Cutaneous (skin form), Neural (nerve form), Ocular (eye form), & Visceral (internal-organ form) • Transmission - Marek’s is highly contagious and spreads by bird-to-bird contact, by contact with infected dust and dander, by & beetles & mealworms that live in the chicken house.
5. Benefits of Inovoject • With injection being inside the egg, it allows for a healthier bird • Reduces stress of the bird from having to vaccinate by hand once they are hatched • Reduced labor of hatchery employees • Accurate dosage of 100% of eggs • Each needle is sanitized with a bleach solution after each injection ensuring minimal contamination
All separate machines hook together Egg Remover Inovoject 6.The machine all put together
7. Incubator • Once the eggs are vaccinated they are put into incubators. • The incubators are kept at 98.9 degrees. • The eggs stay in the incubators for the first 18 days. • The incubator flips 90 degrees every 30 minutes to keep the heat even on all parts of the egg.
8. Hatchers • After 18 days the eggs are moved from the incubators to the hatchers. • The hatchers are kept at 98.8 degrees for days 18 and 19. • On day 20 the temperature is reduced to 97 degrees. • And on day 21 the chick hatches
9. Once Hatched • The eggs are removed from Foster Farms hatchery facility and transported to the grow facility. • All the eggs that are hatched at the hatchery become chicken that we buy at the grocery store.
Egg Activity • If it makes you uncomfortable you may sit down. • Even though the eggs are dead you must be respectful when handling them. • No squeezing • Throwing etc. • We will observe what is happening at each stage of development.
Eggs in this Activity • The eggs used in this activity were removed from the incubator at various stages of development as a sample to test for potential problems that could effect the entire batch of thousands of eggs. • Rather than wasted the test eggs they are used for research and education.
Day 1 • 18 hours: The alimentary tract appears. • 19 hours: The brain crease begins to form. • 20 hours: Somites appear. • 21 hours: The brain and nervous system begin to form. • 22 hours: The head fold begins to form. • 23 hours: Blood islands appear. • 24 hours: The eyes begin to form.
Day 2 • 25 hours: The heart begins to form. • 33 hours: The ears begin to form. • 42 hours: The heart starts to beat.
Day 3 • The head begins to turn onto its left side. • The tongue begins to form. • The amnion completely surrounds the embryo. • The tail has appeared. • Wing and leg buds are visible. • Soon other organs such as the liver, kidneys, and lungs will appear.
Day 4 • Eye Pigmented • The toes begin to form.
Day 5 • The reproductive organs begin to form. • The bones of the legs begin to form. • The crop begins to form.
Day 6 • The beak becomes visible. • The wing bends at the elbow. • The allantois begins to fuse with the chorion. • The ribs begin to appear. • The gizzard begins to form. • The intestines begin to loop.
Day 7 • A row of feather germs appears on the tail. • The sclera of the eye begins to form. • Feather papillae appear on the thigh. • The leg bends at the knee.
Day 8 • Three rows of feather germs are visible on the tail. • The nictitating membranes (inner eye lids) begins to form. • The egg tooth begins to form. • The bone marrow cavity of the femur begins to form.
Day 9 • Upper eye lids begin to cover the eyes. • The knee caps begin to form.
Day 10 • Claws begin to form. • The comb is visible. • Flight feathers appear. • Feather tracts appear over the sternum. • Lower eyelids develop.
Day 11 • The toe claws begin to curve downward. • The bottom of the feet become padded. • Feather germs on the back and tail appear as long, tapering cones. • The beak begins to harden. • The comb appears serrated. • The embryo begins to draw calcium from the eggshell for its growing bones.
Day 12 • Scales appear on the lower legs. • The embryo continues to grow and move. • The ribs begin to ossify.
Day 13 • Fingers of the wings are covered with feather papillae. • The left and right collar bones fuse to form the wishbone.
Day 14 • The embryo turns its head toward the blunt end of the egg. • The skull has begun to ossify.
Day 15 • The scales, claws, and beak are becoming firm.
Day 16 • The embryo turns its beak toward the air cell. • The chorioallantoic cavity lines most of the inside surface of the egg shell.
Day 17 • The beak turns towards the air cell.
Day 18 • Growth of embryo nearly complete • Yolk sac is still outside the embryo • Head is under right wing
Day 19 • Yolk sac draws into the body cavity • Amniotic fluid gone • Embryo occupies most of the space within the egg (not in the air cell)
Day 20 • Yolk sac completely drawn into body cavity. • Embryo becomes a chick (breathing in air cell) • Internal and External pip
Day 21 HATCHES
