1 / 6

Bioinformatics

Bioinformatics. Jean-Christophe (JC) Nebel Bioinformatics & Genomic Signal Processing Group j.nebel@kingston.ac.uk Kingston University London. What is bioinformatics?. Bioinformatics : word was coined in 1978 Bio- : life Informatics : information systems & computer science

eman
Download Presentation

Bioinformatics

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Bioinformatics Jean-Christophe (JC) Nebel Bioinformatics & Genomic Signal Processing Group j.nebel@kingston.ac.uk Kingston University London

  2. What is bioinformatics? Bioinformatics: word was coined in 1978 Bio-: life Informatics: information systems & computer science Analysis of molecular biology data using techniques from information systems, computer science, artificial intelligence, statistics and mathematics ~computational biology (USA) Molecular biology data? DNA, RNA, genes, proteins…

  3. Aim of bioinformatics “To improve the quality of life” by understanding how it works • Health • disease prevention: • detect people at risk • change of lifestyle, diet… • e.g. risk of cardiovascular diseases – exercise… • study virus evolution • e.g. bird flu virus • treatment: • quantitative evaluation of disease spread • rational drug design • e.g. first efficient drug against HIV (Norvir 1996) • gene therapy • e.g. “bubble” kids with no immune system • animal model • e.g. zebra fish is the new mouse Ethical issues!

  4. Other applications Ethical issues! • Forensic(DNA fingerprints) • criminal suspects (UK: database of 3M people) • paternity tests • 1/25 child is NOT from the expected father! • identification of victims (Titanic, earthquakes…) • prevent illegal trade (drugs, ivory…) • Paleoanthropology & archaeology • Human evolution • e.g. where is the first American from? • Food industry • GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms) • Famine buster or Frankenfood?

  5. Bringing a new drug to the market [1] 0. (Computational) ‘rational’ drug design In silico $300 million to $1.7 billion and up to 20 years, only 1/10 projects succeeds ~6 years, only 1/1000 compounds are tested in a clinical trial In vitro • 1. Biochemical assays ($400 per compound) • Drug target in solution with compound • 2. Cell-based assays ($4,000 per compound) • Culture of living cells in solution with compound • 3. Animal testing ($10,000-1,000,000 per compound) • 4. Human clinical trials • Phase I: side effects on (20-50) healthy volunteers • 30% of drugs are rejected (unsafe) • Phase II: positive effect on (20-300) patients • 66% of drugs are rejected (poor efficacy) • Phase III: positive effect on variety of (300–3,000) patients • 75% of drugs are rejected In vivo ~8 years, fewer than 6% of compounds get approval Human Clinical Trials [1] D Young, Computational drug design, N.J: John Wiley & Sons, 2009

  6. Course structure 5 lectures (2x45’): 45’: Biological background and problem e.g.: what is DNA? + how to detect genes? 45’: Informatics solution (databases, algorithms…) -> handouts provided -> lecture notes available after lecture 5 workshops (1h30’): Use of bioinformatics tools

More Related