1 / 33

Valvular Heart DISEASE

Valvular Heart DISEASE . What is Valvular Heart Disease?. What Are the Types of Valve Disease?. There are several types of valvular heart disease, include: 1)Valvular stenosis: When a valve opening is smaller than normal

eman
Download Presentation

Valvular Heart DISEASE

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Valvular Heart DISEASE

  2. What is Valvular Heart Disease?

  3. What Are the Types of Valve Disease? • There are several types of valvular heart disease, include: • 1)Valvular stenosis: When a valve opening is smaller than normal • 2)Valvular Insufficiency/REGURGITATION: occurs when a valve does not close tightly, thus allowing blood to leak backwards. • Both valvular diseases can involve all four valves.

  4. Types • Mitral Stenosis • Mitral Regurgitation • Aortic Stenosis • Aortic regurgitation • Tricuspid valve is affected infrequently • Tricuspid stenosis – causes Rt HF • Tricuspid regurgitation • Pulmonary valve disease

  5. What Causes Valvular Disease? • Congenital : mostly affect the aortic or pulmonic valve , • Acquired :. • Other Acquired causes? • Rheumatic fever • Infective endocarditis • Coronary artery disease • Heart attack • Cardiomyopathy (heart muscle disease) • Syphilis . • Hypertension . • Aortic aneurysms . • Connective tissue diseases

  6. Rheumatic Heart Disease Inflammatory process that may affect the myocardium, pericardium and or endocardium Usually results in distortion and scarring of the valves Caused by a type 2 inflammatory reaction secondary to sore throat caused by a bacteria called S.pyogenes

  7. Rheumatic Heart Disease, cont. • Prior history of rheumatic fever • General malaise • Pain – may or may not be present • Murmurs • Dyspnea • polyarthritis

  8. Infective endocarditis Infection of heart valves Commonly bacterial Results in damage to valve structure giving rise to senosis or regurgitation

  9. Mitral Stenosis Usually results from rheumatic carditis Is a thickening by fibrosis or calcification Can be caused by tumors, calcium and thrombus Valve leaflets fuse These narrows the opening and prevents normal blood flow from the LA to the LV LA pressure increases, left atrium dilates, PAP increases, and the RV hypertrophies Pulmonary congestion and right sided heart failure occurs Followed by decreased preload and CO decreases

  10. Mitral Stenosis, cont. • Mild – asymptomatic • With progression – dyspnea, orthopneas, dry cough, hemoptysis, and pulmonary edema may appear • Right sided heart failure symptoms occur later • Signs • Atrial fibrillation • Apical diastolic murmur is heard

  11. aortic stenosis • characterized by an abnormal narrowing of the aortic valve opening.

  12. Causes of Aortic Valve Stenosis 1)Most commonly, aortic stenosis is due to age-related progressive calcification 3)Rheumatic aortic stenosis(10%)

  13. Clinical presentation • Congestive heart failure • Syncope • Angina

  14. Aortic Regurgitation • is the leaking of the aortic valve of the heart that causes blood to flow in the reverse direction during ventricular diastole, from the aorta into the left ventricle. • Causes: • Infective endocarditic • Rheumatic disease • Trauma • Aortic dilatation like in Marfan’s Syndrome, syphilis

  15. Mitral Stenosis Usually results from rheumatic carditis Is a thickening by fibrosis or calcification Can be caused by tumors, calcium and thrombus Valve leaflets fuse These narrows the opening and prevents normal blood flow from the LA to the LV LA pressure increases, left atrium dilates, PAP increases, and the RV hypertrophies Pulmonary congestion and right sided heart failure occurs Followed by decreased preload and CO decreases

  16. Mitral Stenosis, cont. • Mild – asymptomatic • With progression – dyspnea, orthopneas, dry cough, hemoptysis, and pulmonary edema may appear • Right sided heart failure symptoms occur later • Signs • Atrial fibrillation • Apical diastolic murmur is heard

  17. Mitral regurgitation : -occurs when the mitral valve does not close properly while the heart pumps out blood . -Most common cause is mitral valve prolapse (MVP) . -Pathophysiology ; blood leaks back into LA> dilatation of LA >reduction in LV systolic function>later LV dilatation. -symptoms are (palpitation- dyspnea- edema- fatigue- ascitis)

  18. diagnostic tests • Echocardiography . • Transesophageal echocardiography . • Cardiac catheterization .(also called an angiogram) • MRI

  19. Treatment of valvular heart disease • Drugs to facilitate myocardial functioning • Surgical-valve replacement/valve repair

  20. Medial Treatment Nonsurgical management focuses on drug therapy and rest Diuretic, beta blockers, digoxin, O2, vasodilators, prophylactic antibiotic therapy Manage atrial fibrillation , if develops, with conversion if possible, and use of anticoagulation

  21. Surgical Management of Valve Disease • Mitral Valve • Mitral Valve Replacement • Balloon Valvuloplasty • Aortic Valve Replacement

  22. Baloon valvuloplasty

  23. Mechanical Valve

  24. Mechanical Valve

  25. Tissue Valve

  26. Advantages of surgical repair • Reducing progression into heart faliure • better functional outcome Disadvantages • Valve failure • Some valves warrant life long anticoagulatioln

  27. Thank you….

More Related