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Intelligence and Creativity

Intelligence and Creativity. 2nd November. Definition of intelligence. The ability to learn from experience The ability to adjust to the environment The ability to use metacognition. History of intelligence testing. Francis Galton: differences in brain efficiency (1880)

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Intelligence and Creativity

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  1. Intelligence and Creativity 2ndNovember

  2. Definition of intelligence • The ability to learn from experience • The ability to adjust to the environment • The ability to use metacognition

  3. History of intelligence testing • Francis Galton: differences in brain efficiency (1880) • Binet a Simon: Binet’s Mental Age Scale (1911)

  4. William Stern: intelligence quotient - IQ (1912) • IQ = MA/ChA x 100 • nowadays we use deviation IQ

  5. Normal distribution of scores on IQ tests. A 34% 34% 13,5% 13,5% 2% 2% C B 115 130 Average 100 55 70 85 145

  6. The structure of intelligence • Charles Spearman (1927) • general factor g • special factors s (e.g. arithmetic computing…) • Louis Thurstone (1938) • 7 primary mental abilities • Raymond Cattel (1971) • 2 subfactors: fluid and crystallized intelligence

  7. Intelligence tests • The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale • The Wechsler Tests • I-S-T Amthauer’s Intelligence Structure Test

  8. Basic module: verbal intelligence numericintelligence figural intelligence memory cognitive abilities Expanded module: verballycodedknowledge numerically codedknowledge knowledge crystallized intelligence fluidintelligence I-S-T 2000 R

  9. The core of the intelligence? • speed and accuracy of information processing • ?neuronal speed? like reaction time • neuronal efficiency • during the solving of the hard task, more intelligent people’s brains utilize more glucose (easy task - less) • mental operations like planning

  10. Howard Gardner (1999): Multidimensional intelligence • language ability • mathematical-logical reasoning • spatial-perceptual skills • musical ability • bodily ability • intrapersonal ability • interpersonal ability

  11. Culture fair tests • Catell’s Culture Fair Intelligence Test • Counterbalance General Intelligence Test • … no general success, agreement…

  12. Race Differences ??? • Lynn, R. Race differences in Intelligence: An Evolutionary Analysis. Washington Summit Books: Augusta, 2005

  13. Race differences/ average IQ • East Asians (Chinese, Japanese, Koreans): 105 • Europeans: 100 • Inuit or Eskimos: 91 • South East Asians: 87 • Native American Indians: 87 • Pacific Islanders: 85 • South Asians and North Africans: 84 • Sahara Africans: 67 • Australian Aborigines: 62 • Bushman of the Kalahari, Pygmies of the Congo rain forest: 54

  14. Correlates with (reliability): • achievement in math and science • national economic development (rich and poor nations) • explain how quickly populations made the Neolithic transition

  15. Causes of the race differences? • 50% genetics • consistency of racial IQ in different locations • nutrition: Black and Whites in America have the same height since the 1st world war • Evolutionary analysis: species have evolved greater intelligence in order to survive in more cognitively demanding environments… cold weather

  16. Creativity • the proces of creating of something which is original as well as valuable • minimum IQ of 120? + motivation!!! + special abilities?

  17. Tests of creativity • Urbanův figurální test tvořivého myšlení (Urban’s figural test of creative thinking) • Consequence test • Remote Associate Test • Unusual Uses Test • Word Association Test

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