Download
1 / 31
310 likes | 476 Views
Rome. Amphitheater: Greek, “double theater.” A Roman building type resembling two Greek theaters put together. . Apse: a semicircular space, usually at the end of a hall or basilica. . Aqueduct: is a water supply or navigable channel constructed to convey water.
E N D
Amphitheater: Greek, “double theater.” A Roman building type resembling two Greek theaters put together.
Apse: a semicircular space, usually at the end of a hall or basilica.
Aqueduct: is a water supply or navigable channel constructed to convey water.
Basilica: In Roman architecture, a civic building for legal and other civic proceedings, rectangular in plan with an entrance usually on a long side.
Groundline: the pictorial representation of the surface on which figures stand.
Oculus: the round opening in a vault to let in light. Derived from the Latin word for "eye“.
Register: a horizontal division of a pictorial area; like a zone or band.
Vaults: a barrel or tunnel vault is simple semicircular arched roof. A groin or cross vault is the intersection of two such tunnels and the configuration of the joined space.
Roman Innovations-if the Romans did not invent it, they improved these innovations greatly. • Exceptional engineers • Built the first roads • Bath houses • Plumbing/Sewers • Concrete • Domes • Arches • Aqueducts • Bridges
Timeline c 753 B.C – Founding of city (town) of Rome c 700 B.C. - Development of Etruscan culture 509 – 31 B.C. – Republican Rome 146 B.C Romans capture city of Corinth, Greece becomes Roman province 31 B.C. – 476 A.D – Imperial Rome 44 B.C Julius Caesar assassinated 79 - Destruction of Pompeii and Herculaneum c. 126 - Pantheon, Rome 476 - End of Empire
Capitoline She-Wolf, c. 500-480 BCEA bronze of a she-wolf suckling Romulus and Remus (the mythical founders of Rome) gives an idea of the great skill with which Etruscan artists worked.
Roman Bust, c. 1st century BCE marble The portraiture of the late Roman Republic demonstrates the mastery of craft to a very high degree. The Roman art of portraiture that combines strong realism with the addition of subtle yet powerful attributes of personality and character is unparalleled. Many of the best Roman portraits serve as revealing psychological documents, expressing fully human qualities. Realistic details, such as the corners of the eyes and mouth, the hollows of the cheeks, or the set of the lips are used to express both outer appearance and inner character. (Later used for political propaganda and PR)
Temple of Portunus,100 B.C • Unlike Greek temples it is not open on all sides • Was entered from the front only The style represents a merging of both Etruscan and Greek temple styles. Like Greek temples, it has a porch with free-standing columns but has only slender engaged Ionic columns on the sides and back since the cella wall is moved toward the outside. In plan, it is like Etruscan temples, with a clear front and rear facade. On a high podium, it has stairs only on the front facade.
Augustus of Primaporta, c. 20 BC Augustan Age: 27 BCE– 14 CE The imperator and creator of Pax Romana stands in a contrapposto that echoes the one of classical Greek athletes. The cupid on the dolphin at his feet hints at the origin of the gens Julia, namely Venus or Aphrodite, the goddess of love. The dolphin itself refers to the naval victory at Actium.
Imperial Rome: 31 B.C – 476 A.D. • The Republic of Rome ended with the assassination of • Julius Caesar and a new era called the “Empire” began. • The AraPacis commemorates the peace of the reign of • Augustus. • a. design is Greek but use is Roman • b. allowed the Empire to borrow the ideals of Greece • for their own purposes • Imperial Values and their effect on Roman and Western Culture • Dominant authoritarian worldly power respected above all. • Materialistic world view – roads, architecture, urban planning, plumbing • Strong central control yet allowances for local differences • Political and economic realities rule decisionmaking • Pragmatic, practical philosophy • Roman Law as Basis for Civil Society
The Colosseum, c. 72-80 CE, Rome The Colosseum was built for entertainment, such as gladiatorial fights and mock naval battles. Built on top of Nero’s gardens. Also known as FlavianAmpitheater. Built of concrete with stone facing. Used arches and three different orders of columns – doric, ionic, corinthian. Held up to 50,000 spectators. Had tunnel vaults underneath. Could be flooded for mock naval battles
The Colosseum or Flavian Amphitheater was begun by Vespasian, inaugurated by Titus in 80 A.D. and completed by Domitian. Located on marshy land between the Esquiline and Caelian Hills, it was the first permanent amphitheater to be built in Rome. Its monumental size and grandeur as well as its practical and efficient organization for producing spectacles and controlling the large crowds make it one of the great architectural monuments achieved by the ancient Romans.
Arch of Titus, 81 CE -Architectural reminder of floral and sword arches held over the heads of returning conquerors on the roads entering Rome -Arches were built over roadway -Generally had relief sculpture recounting battles and victories -At the height of the Empire there were said to be over 50 in Rome -Ceremonial and Ritualistic reminders of authority -The Arch as a visible symbol of the Empire.
marble, about 7' 10“h Located at the highest point of the Via Sacra which leads to the Roman Forum, this triumphal arch, with only one passageway, commemorates Titus' conquest of Judea which ended the Jewish Wars (66-70). Engaged fluted columns frame the passageway, the sculptures depict victories in relief. The arch was erected posthumously, after Titus had already become a "god."
The Roman Pantheon: c. 126 AD • A temple devoted to all the gods. • 142 feet high and same in width • Oculus in roof center open to sky (30 ft in diameter), • called the Eye of Jupiter • One of the few buildings from antiquity • to survive intact
Roman wall painting • Surviving examples come mostly from • Pompeii and Herculaneum which were • buried in ash and lava in 79 AD • Mural artists used linear perspective and • Modeling of forms with a high degree of • naturalism Villa of Mysteries, Pompeii, 60 B.C
Head of Constantine, c. 315-330 CEmarble, 8 ½' h • Decline of Realism • Classical Style Abandoned • Eastern iconoclastic influence • Religious cults of Eastern Origin
