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Medication

Medication. INSIRAH QADRI 2018/2019 2 nd . semester. Medication. medication is a substance administer for diagnosis, cure, treatment or relief of a symptoms or for prevention of disease. Terminology.

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Medication

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  1. Medication INSIRAH QADRI 2018/2019 2nd. semester

  2. Medication medication is a substance administer for diagnosis, cure, treatment or relief of a symptoms or for prevention of disease.

  3. Terminology • Drug → any substance that , when taken to living organism, may modify one or more of its functions • MAR → medication administration record. • Dosage→ amount of medicine to be administered to a client. • Allergy→ an antigen/antibody reaction or hypersensitivity to a substance. • Anaphylaxis → a shock state due to an antigen/ antibody reaction to foreign substance.

  4. Routes of Medication • Oral • Mucus membrane - Sublingual - Buccal • Enteral (give it via tubes or catheter) • Topical • Dermatology : applied to the skin. • Instillation administration into cavity. • Inhalation administration into respiratory tract • Parental • (ID, SC or SQ, IM, & IV ) • Intra-thecal or Intra-spinal(into a spinal) • Intra- Cardiac ( into a cardiac). • Intra- Articular ( into a joint). • Intra- Osseous ( into a bone)

  5. Medication orders • Stat “immediately & once”. E.g.: Morphine 10 mg IV stat • Single “once at specified time”. E.g.: Morphine 100 mg IM before surgery • Standing or routine “carried out until cancel it.” or carried out for a specified number of days E.g.: Amoxicillin 1 gm IV Q 6hrs. E.g.: Amoxicillin 1 gm IV Q 6hrs for 7 days. • A prn “as needed order” E.g.: Revanine 500 mg po prn or prn q 4hrs

  6. Medication Rights Medication Dose Time ; frequency. Route Client Documentation client education, assessment, evaluation, & refuse.

  7. Encouraging a Child's Acceptance of Oral Medication • Give child a flavored ice pop or small ice • Mix the drug with a small amount (about 1 teaspoon) of sweet-tasting substance, such as honey flavored syrups, jam, fruit juice, or ice cream. • When medication has an unpleasant taste, have child pinch the nose and drink the medicine through a straw. • Another alternative is to have the pharmacist prepare the drug in a flavored, chewable troche or lozenge

  8. Medication oral devices • Infants → needleless syringe or dropper in small increments (0.25 to 0.50 mL) at a time. • Use a nipple or special pacifier with a reservoir for the drug.

  9. Medication oral devices

  10. Pediatric Dosage Calculations • Body weight (mg/kg). Example 1. Calculate the dose of amoxicillin suspension in mLs for otitis media for a 1-yr-old child weighing 10kg. The dose required is 40 mg/kg/day divided BID. The suspension comes in a concentration of 400 mg/5 mL.

  11. Body weight (mg/kg).Example 1. Solution

  12. Pediatric Dosage Calculations Example 2. Calculate the dose of ceftriaxone in mLs for meningitis for a 5-yr-old weighing 18 kg. The dose required is 10mg/kg/day given IV 1×3 The drug comes pre-diluted in a concentration of 30 mg/mL.

  13. Body weight (mg/kg).Example 2Solution

  14. Pediatric Dosage Calculations Body surface area (BSA) (mg/m2). Example 3. Calculate the dose of vincristine in mLs for a 4-yr-old with leukemia weighing 16kg and is 97 cm tall. The dose required in 6 mg/m2 and the drug comes in 3 mg/mL concentration.

  15. Body surface area (BSA)

  16. Body surface area (BSA) mg/m2). Example 3Solution

  17. نشاط • Body surface area (BSA)

  18. Medication calculation Calculating Dosages Desired quantity= Desired dose × quantity on hand dose on hand X =D×Q H E.g.: Heparin 5,ooo u is ordered. Available vial 25,000 u / ml ,calculate the dose?

  19. Medication calculation

  20. Group Work Medication Calculation

  21. Cont…Medication calculation A 50 mg the dosage ordered. The available drug is 200mg per tab. Amikacin ordered is 0.12gm. The available Amikacin is 100mg per 2ml. A100mg the dosage ordered. The available drug is 25mg per tab. The drug label 1000mcg in 2ml. The ordered is 0.4 mg The ordered dosage is 275 mg . The available drug is labeled 0.5 gm per 4ml. The order is for 200,000 U. The strength available is 150,000 U per 2 ml. Heparin ordered is 2000 U . The available Heparin is 5,000 U per 2ml.

  22. References Hockenberry,M . & Wilson, D. (2013) Wong's Essentials of Pediatric Nursing . 9th ed, St Louis; The Mosb Kozier, B., Erb. G., Berman, A., Snyder, S. (2011) Fundamentals of Nursing Concepts, Process, and Practice (9th ed.) New Jersey. Pearson Education International Davis’s Drug Guide:Pediatric Medication Calculations

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