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Understanding the Ego and Defense Mechanisms in Human Psychology

Explore the ego's response to temptation, defense mechanisms, and influential figures in psychoanalytic theory. Discover how the psyche functions and how it shapes our thoughts and behavior.

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Understanding the Ego and Defense Mechanisms in Human Psychology

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  1. Mini Quiz • 1. Diana, a married woman, is contemplating having an affair with an attractive man in her department. How would Diana's ego likely respond? • a. It would encourage her to pursue the affair immediately. • b. It would object to the affair because it seems immoral. • c. It would object to the affair because it seems impractical. • d. It would make Diana feel guilty.

  2. Mini Quiz • 2. The defense mechanism of ____________________ keeps forbidden thoughts, feelings, and impulses out of awareness by replacing them with their opposites. • a. parapraxis • b. projection • c. reaction formation • d. displacement

  3. Mini Quiz • 3. In a successful joke, the forbidden impulse is • a. disguised until the punch line. • b. a result of too much labido. • c. obvious. • d. created by the super-ego.

  4. Mini Quiz • 4. Trisha, who is on a diet, passes by a bakery and sees a chocolate cake in the window. She immediately wants to go in and get the cake but then realizes that eating the cake will only destroy her diet and feels guilty for even thinking about breaking her diet. Trisha is experiencing • a. psychic conflict. • b. delay of gratification. • c. sublimation. • d. reaction formation.

  5. Mini Quiz • 5) This is mini quiz • A) 4 • B) 8 • C) 9 • D) 6

  6. Lucy was upset when Alice, the new girl in school, started to hang around with her friends. Lucy was afraid that her friends were being stolen from her. She did not talk to Alice, and tried to insult her whenever possible. One of Lucy’s friends asked her why she did not like Alice. She responded, that Alice did not like her, she was stuck up, and not very friendly.

  7. PROJECTION

  8. John was late for practice because he overslept. When asked by his coach the reason for his tardiness, he responded that he could not get a ride to practice.

  9. RATIONALIZATION

  10. MARY WOULD NOT BELIEVE THAT JIM WAS SEEING OTHER GIRLS. EVEN WHEN HER FRIEND SUE CALLD TO SAY SHE HAD BEEN OUT WITH HIM.

  11. DENIAL

  12. REGGIE WAS UPSET WHEN HE HEARD THE NAME THE PLAYER FROM THE OTHER TEAM CALLED HIM. HE CHANNELED HIS ANGER AND ON THE NEXT PLAY SACKED THE QUARTERBACK.

  13. SUBLIMATION

  14. JANE WAS IN A HURRY TO GET TO WORK. SHE WAS GOING 90 M.P.H. WHEN THE HIGHWAY PATROLMAN STOPPED HER. AS HE APPROACHED THE CAR TO WRITE HER A TICKET, SHE STARTED TO CRY.

  15. REGRESSION

  16. CLANCY WAS SO UPSET UPON HEARING THE NEWS OF HIS GIRLFRIEND’S BETRAYAL HE PUNCHED THE KITCHEN WALL AND BROKE HIS HAND.

  17. DISPLACEMENT

  18. Lou was out to make the football team and had an excellent chance of starting. Unfortunately, when the coach checked his grades, it was discovered that he had 4 F’s, and was ineligible. The coach asked him why he had wasted his time trying out for the team when his grades were so bad. He said that he wasn’t aware that he had done so poorly.

  19. REPRESSION

  20. Freud is Dead

  21. What happened next? • Neo-Freudians • People who continued to develop psychoanalytic theory • Carl Jung • Alfred Adler • Karen Horney • Erick Erikson

  22. Carl Jung

  23. Life of Jung • Child of a minister • Studied as a physician- psychiatrist • In 1907 he went to Vienna and met Freud. Became the first President of the International Psychoanalytic Society • Jung disagreed on several important points. And broke with him in 1913.

  24. Major Differences • Personal unconscious and a "collective unconscious“ • Spiritual • Reduced emphasis on “sexual” instincts

  25. The Psyche • The total personality • Works with “life process energy” • Similar to libido, but “sexual” energy is only one type of energy

  26. Life Process Energy • Energy is created according to the principle of opposites • Energy is created through conflict

  27. Hate Love Sex Abstinence Ego Shadow

  28. Life Process Energy • Principle of equivalence • For any given quantity of energy expended in brining about a certain condition, an equal quantity of the same energy will be altered elsewhere

  29. Increase Work Decrease Spiritual Expressed in the UCS Can’t express sexual desire CS

  30. Life Process Energy • The principle of entropy • Elements of unequal strength will seek equilibrium

  31. Outgoing Life of the party” Becomes board Tries to find meaning Becomes a more serious student One-sided development creates conflict – that we try to resolve

  32. Parts of The Psyche • Ego • Contains CS perceptions, memories, thoughts, and feelings • Ego “unites” these elements • Gives a sense of unity and identity

  33. Parts of The Psyche • Personal Unconscious • Consists of all forgotten experiences • Perhaps repressed or simply too weak to be CS • Can be accessed by various means

  34. Parts of The Psyche • Collective Unconscious • “A deposit of world processes embedded in the structure of the brain. . .a sort of timeless and eternal world-image. . .” • The latent memories of our human and prehuman ancestry • Contains various archetypes

  35. Archetypes • Themes that have existed in all cultures throughout history • Universal due to our common evolution and brain structure

  36. Archetypes • Example: • People tend to respond to ambiguous and threatening situations in a particular way. .

  37. With an all-powerful being that we call God Thus, God is a universal symbol in our collective unconscious

  38. Archetypes • Persona • “Social Archetype” • The persona is the public face (mask) one presents to the world for everyone else to see. • Everyone has one (that’s why it’s an archetype) to deal with the world • Can be negative if doesn’t fit with “true self”

  39. Archetypes • The Shadow • “Evil Side” • The dark side of your personality that contains the animal (and sexual) instincts. • It is the opposite of the ego • It contains what our ego might reject • Sadistic impulses • Unacceptable sexual impulses • Aggressive impulses

  40. Archetypes • The Shadow As an archetype the importance of the shadow is seen in its symbolic representation by devils, demons, and evil spirits.

  41. Archetypes • The Anima • A man’s “feminine” side • Predisposes man to understand the nature of woman • Serves as the sentimental inner face of the rational male persona • Pros: Intuitive, warm, better understanding of feelings • Cons: moody, “catty”, etc.

  42. Archetypes • The Animus • A woman’s “masculine” side • Predisposes women to understand the nature of man • Serves as the rational inner face of the sentimental female persona • Pros: Reason and logic • Cons: “. . . harping on some irrelevant weak points and making it into the main point. . . “

  43. Archetypes • The Self • A “potential” archetype in all of us • Represents a goal • Is achieved by exploring the UCS parts of psyche and learning more about these parts

  44. Archetypes • The Self • Understanding the psyche as a whole • Self provides stability and balance to the psyche

  45. Jung thought the “self” was symbolically expressed in mandalas (magic circles)

  46. Outer World Persona Consciousness Consciousness Ego Personal Unconscious Self Shadow Collective Unconscious Animus - Anima Inner World

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