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Switzerland

Switzerland. Confederation = a group of states joined together for a common purpose. Cantons = self-governing states for all issues not reserved for the central gov’t. The Alpine Region. Given its location, how has Switzerland maintained its neutrality in European conflicts? (page 336)

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Switzerland

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  1. Switzerland Confederation= a group of states joined together for a common purpose Cantons= self-governing states for all issues not reserved for the central gov’t

  2. The Alpine Region Given its location, how has Switzerland maintained its neutrality in European conflicts? (page 336) Why does Switzerland have a multilingual population? (page 336)

  3. Iberian PeninsulaGateway to the Mediterranean

  4. Physical Features Describe the elevation in Portugal in comparison to that of Spain Where are the Pyrenees Mountains? What does this create in regards to France and the rest of Europe?

  5. Gibraltar UK not willing to give up Gibraltar—Why? Naval Base and International Airport

  6. SpainRomans named it Hispania when they conquered the region (27BC-450AD) Originally, an outpost trading area for the Phoenicians who sailed the Mediterranean (950-27BC) Catholic kingdoms dotted landscape after the Roman Empire collapsed Compare the size and location of Iberia to other European regions—why would this be valuable real estate?

  7. Moors conquer Iberia in the 700s AD The Moors, an Arab-Speaking Muslim people, invaded all of Iberia from 711-1492 AD (read p. 354) Isabella and Ferdinand united the kingdoms of Castille and Aragon to create Spain and drove the Moors out of Iberia in 1492. The Spanish crown needed to celebrate its victory—what did they do that year?

  8. Key Dates—Spanish Empire What effects does Spain’s Empire have on world culture? • 1492—Columbus makes 1st voyage • 1521—Hernan Cortez conquers Aztecs • 1588—Spain unsuccessfully attempts to conquer Great Britain with its Armada • 1821-1833—New world nations declare independence from Spain • 1898—Spain loses control of the Philippines to the United States

  9. Dictator Francisco Franco ruled Spain from 1939-1975 • Constitutional Monarchy restored • 17 Regions are autonomous (self-governing) • Nearly all people are Roman Catholic • 75% speak Castilian Spanish • 25% speak Basque or Catalan (near the Pyrenees) • Agriculture and tourism are major industries Spain Today Canary Islands Balearic Islands

  10. Portugal

  11. Vasco de Gama scores a big one for Portugal How did his voyage change world trade? (view map on p. 323)

  12. Portugal mirrors Spain’s rise to power 1488—DeGama sails around Cape of Africa1500—Cabral discovers Brazil1755—Massive earthquake, tsunami, and fires destroy Lisbon (1st school of seismology formed)1822—Brazilian Independence1910—Portuguese Revolution institutes a Republic

  13. Portugal Portuguese language is rooted in Latin, similar to Spanish, with Arabic influence. Almost all are Roman Catholic Democratic republic Draws many immigrants World’s leading producer of cork (see page 353) Tourism important *Draw a double-bubble map of Portugal and Spain to compare/contrast

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