Introduction UNFCCC Processes Started from RED, REDD, and REDD+ Workshops Submissions

2. Topic A1. Slide 2 of 23 Outline • Introduction • UNFCCC Processes • Started from RED, REDD, and REDD+ • Workshops • Submissions • Interventions • Wetlands in the UNFCCC • Summary

3. Topic A1. Slide 3 of 23 UNFCCC Bodies

4. Topic A1. Slide 4 of 23 UNFCCC Processes • Follow the Guide • The Participants • Parties • Observers (IGOs, NGOs) • Media • The Sessions • The Procedures • Documents (INF, MISC, TP, L, CRP, IDR, Add, Rev, Corr) http://unfccc.int/resource/process/guideprocess-p.pdf

5. Topic A1. Slide 5 of 23 Submission to the UNFCCC • Can be from an individual or group of Parties • Consider the call by the COP’s President, SBSTA/SBI or Secretariat • Meet the deadline • Make a reference to the COP decisions or related matters Quantified Emission Limitation or Reduction Objective (QELRO)

6. Topic A1. Slide 6 of 23 Intervention in the UNFCCC’s COP • Can be from a delegation or Party or group of Parties • Attend the discussion or negotiation of the itemized agenda • Prepare necessary interventions • Make a reference to the submitted position

7. Topic A1. Slide 7 of 23 In Montreal’s COP • The governments of Papua New Guinea and Costa Rica, supported by 8 other Parties, through their submission FCCC/CP/2005/MISC.1, requested for this issue to be taken up on the agenda • The agenda item on “Reducing emissions from deforestation in developing countries and approaches to stimulate action”, known as RED was first introduced into the COP11 in Montreal (Dec 2005) • The COP established a contact group on this item which drafted conclusions on initiating a process to address the issue of reducing emissions from deforestation (RED)

8. Topic A1. Slide 8 of 23 Avoided deforestation was excluded • Deforestation results in immediate release of the carbon originally stored in the trees as CO2 emissions, particularly if the trees are burned and the slower release of emissions from the decay of organic matter. • According to the FAO (2005), deforestation, mainly conversion of forests to agricultural land, continues at an alarming rate of approximately 13 million hectares per year (for the period 1990–2005). • The IPCC WGIII (2007) estimated emissions from deforestation in the 1990s to be at 5.8 Gt CO2/yr.

9. Topic A1. Slide 9 of 23 The Bali Action Plan • Four building blocks: • Mitigation: incl. REDD • Adaptation: risks & disasters mgt • Technology transfer • Financial mechanisms • Two tracks - AWG • LCA (UNFCCC) • KP (Kyoto Protocol)

10. Topic A1. Slide 10 of 23 REDD Readiness phase • WB-FCPF • UN-REDD • Bilateral arrangements

11. Topic A1. Slide 11 of 23 REDD and REDD+ REDD Conservation ECS SFM Source: Pedroni (2009)

12. Topic A1. Slide 12 of 23 The core idea of REDD+

13. Topic A1. Slide 13 of 23 Example: Potential REDD+ Projects

14. Topic A1. Slide 14 of 23 Copenhagen Accord • The collective commitment by developed countries is to provide new and additional resources – including forestry – ca. USD 30 billion for the period 2010 – 2012 • In the context of meaningful mitigation actions, developed countries commit to a goal of mobilizing jointly USD 100 billion a year by 2020 • A significant portion of such funding should flow through the Copenhagen Green Climate Fund.

15. Topic A1. Slide 15 of 23 Cancun Agreement: Phased approach • REDD+ national strategy: follow UN-REDD and WB FCPF processes • National REL/RL: Sub-national REL/RL is accepted while taking care of domestic leakage • MRV to be established: to demonstrate additionality that includes environmental and social safeguards

16. Topic A1. Slide 16 of 23 Example: Phase Approach in Indonesia

17. Topic A1. Slide 17 of 23 RED, REDD and REDD+ Workshops • First RED Workshop, Rome – Sep 2006 • Second REDD Workshop, Cairns – March 2007 • Methodological issues, Tokyo – June 2008 • REDD+ MRV, Washington DC – Sep 2008 • Biodiversity safeguards, Nairobi – Oct 2011 • Financing options, Bangkok – Aug 2012 • Results-based finance for the full implementation of the activities , Bonn, August 2013

18. Topic A1. Slide 18 of 23 Wetlands in the UNFCCC Invitation to the IPCC to organize an expert meeting on methodological work related to reporting when using the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories The expert meeting should explore the need and ways to clarify, improve and provide updated information, as appropriate, related to, inter alia: Information in Ch. 7 on wetlands, in particular the methodological guidance in those areas for which gaps are identified in Table 7.1 of Ch. 7 and gaps related to some uses of wetlands which are currently not fully covered, for example the drainage of wetlands, the rewetting of previously drained wetlands or wetland restoration;

19. Topic A1. Slide 19 of 23 Wetlands: part of the AWG-KP • Proposed by Iceland in 2008 in AWG-KP 6 in Accra • To mitigate CC through restoration and management • Wetlands cover about 6% of the Earth’s area, with peatlands covering about half of them. • Degraded peatlands cover less than 1% of the global land surface • Emission from degraded peatlands is well above 3 Gt CO2 annually (5.8 Gt CO2 from tropical deforestation) • The problem is large but concentrated and may therefore be easier addressed than many other emissions sources.

20. Topic A1. Slide 20 of 23 Wetlands: can be part of NAMA • Nationally appropriate mitigation actions (NAMA) was started of from the Bali Action Plan building blocks • Followed up in Copenhagen Accord as Parties seeking international support will be recorded in a registry and subject to international measurement, reporting and verification processes • Depends on country’s circumstances and in accordance with common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities • PoA under CDM may be the future NAMA

21. Topic A1. Slide 21 of 23 Summary Parties and observers ought to follow the UNFCCC processes related to their concerns and interventions The process of a single item, like wetlands, can take a very long time Tropical wetlands are key ecosystems for climate change adaptation and mitigation They are consistently and continuously discussed under the UNFCCC They are also accepted by a wide range of global initiatives Wetland restoration and management are potential for CC mitigation and adaptation

22. Topic A1. Slide 22 of 23 References Climate Change Secretariat. 2002. Guide to the Climate Change Convention Process, Preliminary 2nd Edition. Bonn, Germany: UNFCCC. [FAO] Food and Agriculture Organization. 2005. Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005, Progress towards sustainable forest management. FAO Forestry Paper Vol. 147. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. [IPCC] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2007. Climate change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. InMetz B, Davidson OR, Bosch PR, Dave R, Meyer LA (eds). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Pedroni L, Dutschke M, Streck C, andPorrúa ME. 2009. Creating incentives for avoiding further deforestation: the nested approach. Climate Policy 9: 207–220. [UNFCCC] United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. 2005. FCCC/CP/2005/MISC.1. [UNFCCC] United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. 2007. Bali Action Plan. Decision -/CP.13. United Nations Convention on Climate Change. Bonn, Germany: Climate Change Secretariat. [UNFCCC] United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. 2007. FCCC/CP/2007/6/Add.1. [UNFCCC] United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. 2009. Copenhagen Accord. Available at http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2009/cop15/eng/l07.pdf. UNFCCC. 2011. Decision 1/CP.16. The Cancun Agreements: Outcome of the work of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the Convention. Bonn, Germany. UNFCCC. 2012. FCCC/SBSTA/2010/L.12