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Classification

Prokaryote. Archaebacteria & Bacteria. Classification. Eukaryote. Old 5 Kingdom system Monera Protists Plants Fungi Animals New 3 Domain system Bacteria Archaebacteria Eukaryotes Protists Plants Fungi Animals. Domain Bacteria. Domain Archaea. Domain Eukarya.

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Classification

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  1. Prokaryote Archaebacteria&Bacteria Classification Eukaryote • Old 5 Kingdom system • Monera • Protists • Plants • Fungi • Animals • New 3 Domain system • Bacteria • Archaebacteria • Eukaryotes • Protists • Plants • Fungi • Animals

  2. Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea Domain Eukarya Common ancestor Prokaryotes Domain Bacteria Domain Archaebacteria

  3. Simple Bacterial Cell make certain to copy the URL

  4. Prokaryote cell COMPOSITION! Macromolecule Primary Subunits Where found in cell Proteins amino acids Flagella, pili, cell walls, cytoplasmic membranes, ribosomes, cytoplasm Polysaccharides sugars (carbohydrates) capsules, inclusions (storage), cell walls Phospholipids fatty acids membranes Nucleic Acids nucleotides DNA: nucleoid (chromosome), plasmids (DNA/RNA)  rRNA: ribosomes; mRNA, tRNA: cytoplasm

  5. Prokaryote cell Structure • Unicellular • bacilli, cocci, spirilli • Size • 1/10 size of eukaryote cell • 1 micron (1um) • Internal structure • no internal compartments • no membrane-bound organelles • only ribosomes • circular, naked DNA • not wrapped around proteins

  6. Morphology Cocci – Staph aureus Bacillus – Bacillus anthracis Spirilla - Borrelia burgdorferi

  7. “department of redundancancy department” – more “mor”phology

  8. Staining Characteristics Gram + Gram – Stains according to the thickness of the peptidoglycan layer!

  9. outer membrane of lipopolysaccharides Gram-negative bacteria Gram-positive bacteria peptide side chains outer membrane cell wall peptidoglycan cell wall peptidoglycan plasma membrane plasma membrane protein Prokaryote Cell Wall Structure peptidoglycan = polysaccharides + amino acid chains lipopolysaccharides = lipids + polysaccharides

  10. Prokaryotic metabolism • How do bacteria acquire their energy & nutrients? • autotrophs • acquire carbon from inorganic sources(CO2) • phototrophs • photosynthetic bacteria • chemotrophs • oxidize inorganic compounds/chemicals • nitrogen, sulfur, hydrogen… • heterotrophs • live on plant & animal matter • decomposers & pathogens

  11. Bacteria as beneficial (& necessary) • Life on Earth is dependent on bacteria • decomposers • recycling of nutrients from dead to living • nitrogen fixation • only organisms that can fix N2 from atmosphere • needed for synthesis of proteins & nucleic acids • plant root nodules • help in digestion (E. coli) • digest cellulose for herbivores • cellulase enzyme • produce vitamins K & B12 for humans • produce foods & medicines • from yogurt to insulin

  12. Genetic variation in bacteria • Mutations • bacteria can reproduce every 20 minutes • binary fission • error rate in copying DNA • 1 in every 200 bacteria has a mutation • Genetic recombination • bacteria swap genes • plasmids • small supplemental circles of DNA

  13. The END!!!!!!! As far as learning is concerned – “DO or DO NOT there is not try!!!!!”

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