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Conversion in professional environments

Conversion in professional environments. What defines a media transmission?. Video Analog Digital Digital Compressed Audio Analog Digital Digital Compressed Metadata Timecode WSS/VI Closed Caption Teletext. Framerate families. 50Hz family 25 / 50Hz

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Conversion in professional environments

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  1. Conversion in professional environments © XForm Systems GmbH 2008

  2. What defines a media transmission? • Video • Analog • Digital • Digital Compressed • Audio • Analog • Digital • Digital Compressed • Metadata • Timecode • WSS/VI • Closed Caption • Teletext © XForm Systems GmbH 2008

  3. Framerate families • 50Hz family25 / 50Hz • 59,94Hz family23,98 / 29,97 / 59,94Hz • 60Hz family24 / 30 / 60Hz © XForm Systems GmbH 2008

  4. 50Hz, 59,94Hz and 60Hz – why? • 50Hz family based on PAL video format • 59,94Hz family based on NTSC video format • 60Hz family based on 24Hz film format • Intention for HD: Meet all needs • Result: HD requires more conversion than SD © XForm Systems GmbH 2008

  5. Interlaced / Progressive • Interlaced is a compromise to have higher frame rates at reduced bandwidth • Interlaced can be fairly handled on CRT displays • Flatpanels are progressive displays © XForm Systems GmbH 2008

  6. Colorspace conversion • Different color coding for various analog SD video standards • HD uses a different conversion matrix for YCbCr / RGB than SD © XForm Systems GmbH 2008

  7. Standard conversion – Standard confusion? • Format conversion • Standard conversion • Cross conversion • Framerate conversion • Upconversion • Downconversion • Aspect ratio • SD 50Hz  59.94Hz Conversion • HD Conversion within framerate family • HD Conversion between framerate families • SD to HD • HD to SD © XForm Systems GmbH 2008

  8. HD  SD- conversion • Colorspace • Aspect Ratio • Deinterlacing • Special issues (Pulldown, segmented field) © XForm Systems GmbH 2008

  9. Framerate conversion • Color Encoding for SD conversions • 50 <=> 59,94/60Hz • linear apertures • Motion compensation © XForm Systems GmbH 2008

  10. Aspect Ratio conversion 16:9 frame Converted to 4:3 with loss of image content Converted to 4:3 with loss of resolution © XForm Systems GmbH 2008

  11. Aspect Ratio conversion • Letterbox/Pillarbox • Pan/Scan • WSS/VI • automatism © XForm Systems GmbH 2008

  12. Audio • Level adjustment / headroom • Mux/Demux • Different embedding formats • Lipsync • Dolby © XForm Systems GmbH 2008

  13. Timecode • Format conversion (LTC, VITC, RP188, etc.) • Timecode while framerate converting © XForm Systems GmbH 2008

  14. Questions? Annotations? © XForm Systems GmbH 2008

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