Emergency Response to Terrorism TC: Hazardous Materials

1. Emergency Response to TerrorismTC: Hazardous Materials Unit 2: Security

2. Terminal Objective • The students will be able to identify basic security tactics required in responding to terrorist incidents.

3. Enabling Objectives • Compare and contrast security considerations between incidents that are known and unknown to be terrorist. • Identify several primary security actions for first responders to take in responding to a terrorist incident.

4. Enabling Objectives (cont'd) • Identify several ways that weather and lay of land affect first responder security. • Identify at least two security-related strategies and two related tactics for each that are likely to facilitate responder survivability.

5. Preresponse Conditions Response information • Known terrorist incident • Unknown terrorist incident

6. Response Criteria • Primary actions involving responders on scene or en route to incident • Life protection/preservation • Controlling chaos • Requesting assistance • Preservation of evidence

7. Vulnerability Assessment • Purpose--to determine shortfalls and weaknesses when responding to terrorist acts • Assistance of law enforcement necessary for security-related areas • Knowledge of local plan is critical

8. Vulnerability Assessment:Areas to Consider • Incident site operations • Preplanning response routes (primary and secondary) • Command and control sites • Improvised Explosive Device (IED) and secondary explosive devices/booby traps awareness training • Multiple-incident site operations considerations

9. Vulnerability Assessment:Areas to Consider (cont'd) • Preplanned and proposed Staging Areas • Communications plans (primary and secondary) • Medical operations • Medical receiving facilities • Casualty transport points • Mortuary facilities (fixed and temporary) • Evacuation sites

10. Vulnerability Assessment:Areas to Consider (cont'd) • Shelter-in-place considerations • Personnel and equipment resources • Resupply resources • Security resources • Mass casualty response resources (transportation, medical, command and control) • Responder knowledge of B-NICE threat outward warning signs

11. Vulnerability Assessment:Areas to Consider(cont'd) • Evidence preservation training • Responder self-protection measures training • Rescue operations

12. Primary Actions for Self-Protection and Personnel Safety • Hazard • Known or perceived danger • Chemical agent, haz mat, hazardous conditions • Risk • Acceptable or unacceptable • Exposure to a known or perceived danger • Gamble whether or not danger exists

13. Primary Actions (cont'd) • Risk (cont'd) • Vulnerability • Disadvantage • Exposed position • Threat • Present intimidation • Hazard

14. Security Overview • Response security--actions to be taken en route • Establishing security-related procedures-- preplan self-protective measures

15. Response Security • Plan response routes and corridors • Identify primary and alternate response routes • Identify choke points • Designate rallying (meeting) points

16. Security-Related Procedures • Incident site emergency egress plan • Backup team • Ruse tactics checklist • Methods of alternate and secure communications • Detailed checklist to query involved personnel • Gather all information possible

17. Weather Conditions • Present and forecasted weather • Inversion gradient • Neutral gradient • Lapse gradient • Humidity • Barometric pressure • Clear skies and clouds

18. Controlled Weather • Inversion • Lapse • Humidity • Clear skies • Cloud cover

19. Impact of Weather • Factors that wear you out make many agents more effective!

20. Lay of the Land • Controls access • Bottlenecks • Limited access • Access and exit corridors • Natural and artificial characteristics

21. Impacts • Drawn into trap? • Forced to advance uphill? • Terrain features forcing deviation from plan? • Your plan or someone else’s?

22. Zones/Perimeter Communications • Concise and clear naming • Crosses all boundaries of countries and agencies • Labeling by hazard or protection need

23. Direct zone names and placement Security Hazardous materials Hazardous conditions Health Biological Perimeter Criteria

24. Strategies and Tactics for Self-Protection Overview • Recognition and survival--develop skills to minimize losses • Initial reconnaissance • Route • Incident site • Vulnerability assessment

25. Initial Recon: Route • Determine vulnerable areas • Channeling • Choke points • Ambush

26. Initial Recon: Site • Possibility of IED's • Hazards and associated dangers • Distraction techniques • Hoax device techniques • Maximize responder survivability

27. Initial Recon: Site (cont'd) • Ambush tactics • Recognition skills: types of devices • Rapid evacuation--planning issues • When device is discovered, what to do?

28. Initial Recon: Vulnerability Assessment • Where and what are dangers? • Discipline • Time to assess • Identify things that place you at disadvantage • Level of exposure acceptable?

29. Rig placement Safety of crew Discipline Minimize losses Protection Measures

30. Tactical Options Overview • Protection • Reconnaissance

31. Protection Options • Enhance overall responder survivability and supportability • Physically hazardous conditions • Proper PPE for hazard • Decon • Monitoring • Physical shelter • Vulnerability assessment • Security considerations

32. Reconnaissance Options • Reconnoiter • Team activities • Topographical maps • Census maps • Building plans

33. Summary • Primary actions: life protection, controlling chaos and requesting assistance • Identify the hazards, build acceptable risks, and analyze vulnerability • Establish procedures before you need them