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Olfactory and gustatory system

Olfactory and gustatory system. Dr. Katalin Gallatz. OLFACTION. Olfctory region of the nasal cavity c ontain olfactory epithelium with olfactory receptors , supporting cells, basal cells Olfactory receptors are primary sensory epithelial cells ( modified neurons )

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Olfactory and gustatory system

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  1. Olfactory and gustatory system Dr. Katalin Gallatz

  2. OLFACTION • Olfctoryregionof thenasalcavitycontainolfactory epithelium with olfactoryreceptors, supporting cells, basal cells • Olfactory receptors areprimarysensoryepithelialcells(modified neurons) • Surfaces are coated with mucoussecretions from olfactory glands • Olfactory reception involved detecting dissolved chemicals (odorantmaterials) as they interact with odorant binding proteins

  3. OLFACTION • Olfactory discrimination • Can distinguish thousands of chemical stimuli • CNS interprets smells by pattern of receptor activity • Olfactory receptor population shows considerable turnover • Number of receptors declines with age

  4. Parts of the olfactory system Olfactory epithelium: primery sensory epithelial cells central branches - fila olfactoria Olfactory bulb: mitral and tufted cells axons olfactory tract Olfactory tract: stria olfactoria medialis, intermedius et lateralis Olfactory areas: praepiriform cortex entorhinal cortex, AMYGDALA

  5. o t o

  6. OLFACTORY REGION Aromas reach the olfactory epithelium

  7. ORTHONASAL and RETRONASAL OLFACTION

  8. OLFACTORY EPITHELIUM • Specialized ,,neurons” present in the olfactory epithelium in the nose. • They project cilia into a mucus layer. The odorantreceptors of thecilia are able to bind to odorant molecules. • Each olfactory receptor is specialized for 1 odorant molecule ORC = olfactory receptor cells

  9. Olfactory transduction-G-Protein Receptor

  10. Olfactory cells: - primary sensory epithelium - bipolar cells: dendritic process to the direction of the surface, olfactory processes to the direction of thelamina propria fila olfactoria olfactory bulb

  11. Olfactorybulb • Olfactoryfilasynapsewiththe dendrites • of themitral and tuftedcells • olfactoryglomerulus • 2. Axons of themitral and tuftedcells • formthe • olfactorytract • 3. Inhibitorygranulecellsgetcentrifugalfibersfromtheanterior • olfactorynucleuslocuscoeruleus and dorsalraphenucleus, andinhibitthe • mitral and tuftedcells

  12. OLFACTORY BULB LAMINA CRIBROSA OLFACTORy EPITHELIUM

  13. Olfactory tract: axons of the mitral and tufted cells terminate in the anterior olfactory nucleus and in the olfactory cortical areas Fibers from the anterior olfactory nucleus synapse with the granule cells of the contalateral olfactory bulb.

  14. Olfactory cortical areas: amygdala, Prepiriform cortex – uncus Entorhinal cortex – parahyppocampal gyrus Orbitofrontal cortex

  15. OLFACTORY PATHWAYS

  16. OLFACTORY PATWAYS ORBITOFRONTAL CORTEX

  17. OLFACTORY PATHWAYS Secunder olfactory cortex

  18. Gustatory system

  19. Taste bud secondary sensory epithelial cells supporting cells basal cells

  20. Gustatory discrimination • Primary taste sensations • Sweet, sour, salty, bitter • Receptors also exist for umami and water • Taste sensitivity shows significant individual differences • The number of taste buds declines with age

  21. Umami, or savory taste, is one of the five basic tastes (together with sweetness, sourness, bitterness, and saltiness). It has been described as brothy or meaty. People taste umami through taste receptors that typically respond to glutamate. Glutamate is widely present in meat broths and fermented products, and commonly added to some foods in the form of monosodium glutamate (MSG). [ Since umami has its own receptors unami now is considered to be a distinct taste.

  22. TASTE RECEPTORS

  23. GUSTATORY PATHWAY TASTE BUDS VII., IX., X. I. neuron Geniculateggl VII. inf. ggl IX. n inf. X. n. VII. X. IX. II. neuron nucl.of solitary tract III. neuron VPM parvocellular part Postcentral gyrus - insular cortex

  24. Gustatory system 1.Taste buds 2.VII., IX., X. 3.geniculate ggl. VII.n. inf. ggl. of n. IX. inf. ggl of n.X. 4. nucl. of solitary tract 5. VPM parvocellular part 6. postcentral gyrus

  25. Connection between the olfactory and gustatory system nucleus of solitary tract parabrachial nucleus hypothalamus amygdala

  26. Thank you for your attention!

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