Forging new generations of engineers

1. Forging new generations of engineers

2. Simple Machines

3. Simple Machines

4. Simple Machine: A device for overcoming resistance at one point by applying force at some other point.

5. Work : The force applied on an object multiplied by the distance traveled by the object.

6. Effort : The force needed by a machine in order to accomplish work on a load.

7. Load : The resistance or weight sustained by a machine.

8. Mechanical Advantage (MA) : The ratio of the output force (acting on a load) produced by a machine to the applied effort (the input force).

9. The Six Simple Machines • Inclined Plane • Wedge • Screw • Lever • Wheel and Axle • Pulley

10. The Six Simple Machines • Two general classes of simple machines. • Those that operate in straight lines or vectors. • Inclined Plane • Wedge • Screw • Those that operate by turning. • Lever • Pulley • Wheel and Axle

11. Inclined Plane 3 ft. 1 ft. This inclined plane has a mechanical advantage of 3. Mechanical Advantage = Length / Height MA = Length (3 ft.) divided by the height of the incline (1 ft.). 3 / 1 = 3 MA = 3

12. Inclined Plane 3 lb 1ft. Force x Distance = Work 3 lb of force x 1 ft or distance = 3 ft-lb work

13. Inclined Plane 3 ft. 1 lb 1 ft. By using in inclined plane with a mechanical advantage of 3 the amount of force required is reduced to one pound.

14. Inclined Plane EXAMPLES

15. Wedge A wedge is a movable inclined plane.

16. Wedge 3 ft. 1 ft. Mechanical Advantage = Length / Width MA = 3/1 MA = 3

17. 4 in. Wedge 50 lb If the wedge to the right is pushed downward 12 in. with a 50 lb force the result would be a force on the material it is driven into of three times that or 150 lb. over one-third of the distance, 4 in. 150 lb 150 lb 12 in.

18. Wedge EXAMPLES

19. Screw 3 ft. 1 ft. A screw is basically an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder.

20. Screw

21. Screw

22. Screw EXAMPLES

23. Lever Effort Load 3 lb Fulcrum A lever is a bar that pivots about a point called the fulcrum.

24. Lever 1 ft. 3 ft. MA=Fulcrum to Effort / Fulcrum to Load MA=3 / 1 MA=3

25. Lever 1 lb Effort Load 3 lb

26. Lever 1 lb Effort Load 3 lb Load Work = 3 lb x 1 ft = 3 ft lb Effort Work = 1 lb x 3 ft = 3 ft lb

27. Lever 1 lb Effort Load 3 lb Load Work = 3 lb x 1 ft = 3 ft lb Effort Work = 1 lb x 3 ft = 3 ft lb

28. Lever 1 lb Effort Load 3 lb Load Work = 3 lb x 1 ft = 3 ft lb Effort Work = 1 lb x 3 ft = 3 ft lb

29. Types of Levers Effort Load Fulcrum First Class Effort and Load on opposite sides of the Fulcrum

30. Effort Load Types of Levers Fulcrum First Class Effort and Load on opposite sides of the Fulcrum

31. Types of Levers First Class = See Saw

32. Types of Levers Effort Load Fulcrum Second Class Effort and Fulcrum on opposite side of the Load

33. Types of Levers 1 lb Effort Load 4 lb Fulcrum Second Class Effort and Fulcrum on opposite side of the Load

34. Types of Levers 1 lb Effort Load 4 lb Fulcrum Second Class Effort and Fulcrum on opposite side of the Load

35. Types of Levers Effort Load Fulcrum Second Class Effort and Fulcrum on opposite side of the Load

36. Types of Levers Effort Load Fulcrum Third Class Fulcrum and Load on opposite side of the Effort

37. Effort Load Types of Levers 4 lb 1 lb Fulcrum Third Class Fulcrum and Load on opposite side of the Effort

38. Types of Levers Load 1 lb 4 lb Effort Fulcrum Third Class Fulcrum and Load on opposite side of the Effort

39. Types of Levers Effort Load Fulcrum Third Class Fulcrum and Load on opposite side of the Effort

40. Lever EXAMPLES

41. Load 6 lb Wheel and Axle Effort

42. Load 6 lb Wheel and Axle Effort

43. Load 6 lb Wheel and Axle Effort

44. Load 6 lb Wheel and Axle MA=Wheel Diameter / Axle Diameter MA=6 / 1 MA= 6 Effort

45. Load 6 lb Wheel and Axle 1 lb Effort

46. Wheel and Axle EXAMPLES

47. Load 3 lb Pulley 3 lb Effort

48. Load 3 lb Pulley 1 3 lb Effort

49. Load 3 lb Pulley 3 lb Effort

50. Pulley 2 1 Effort Start Start Load