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ANSC 4

ANSC 4. Chapter 3 : Meat and Bones. Objectives. ID and describe the major structures and functions of the musculoskeletal system Describe bone anatomy terms Differentiate between the axial and appendicular terms

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ANSC 4

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  1. ANSC 4 Chapter 3 : Meat and Bones

  2. Objectives • ID and describe the major structures and functions of the musculoskeletal system • Describe bone anatomy terms • Differentiate between the axial and appendicular terms • Recognize, define, spell, and pronounce terms related to diagnosis, pathology, and treatment

  3. Warm Up • Do you use more muscles frowning or smiling?

  4. Structures of the Skeletal System • Bone: a form of connective tissue, hardest in the body • Ossification: formation of bone • Combining forms • Oste/o, oss/e, oss/i • Cartilage: another form of connective tissue, more elastic than bones • Combining form: chondr/o

  5. Ossification Parts of the process • Bone growth is balanced between the following: • OsteoBlasts: immature bone cells that produce bony tissue • Build • OsteoClasts: phagocytic cells that eat away boney tissue • Cut • Osteocytes: mature osteoblast

  6. Joints/Articulations • Connections between bones • TYPES: • Diarthroses • Pivot or trochoid (Skull to neck) • Ball and socket/ spheroid (Hip) • Saddle • Hinge/ ginglymus (Knee) • Condyloid/ arthrodial (Wrist) • Gliding • Synarthoroses • Suture : (skull) • Amphiarthroses • Symphysis : (pelvic girdle)

  7. Joint Parts • Bursa • Fibrous sac that acts as a cushion to ease movement in the areas of friction • Synovial membrane and fluid • Secretes synovial fluid, which acts like a lubricant to make joint movement smooth • Air bubbles = joint cracking! This can cause damage resulting in arthritis type symptoms

  8. Axial Skeleton : Parts • Top to bottom • Cranium • Frontal, parietal, occipital, (Formen/ Magnum) temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid, incisive, pterygoid • Face • Zygomatic, maxilla, mandible, palatine, lacrimal, incisive, nasal, vomer, nasal septum, hyoid • Back ( Spinal / vertebral column) • Vertebrae, body, arch, lamina, spinous process, transverse process, articular process, foramen, vertebral foramen, intervertebral discs • Ribs • Sternum, manubrium, body, xiphoid process, thoracic cavity/ rib cage

  9. Human Skeleton • Think about it: • Humans are mammals • Many animals are related throughout evolution • Do the human practice sheet. • Print an animal skeleton and color the coordinating bone structures so they match the human skeleton

  10. Appendicular Skeleton : parts • From the Front • Scapula, clavicle, humerus, radius, ulna, carpal bones, metcarpals, splint bones, phalanges, digits, ungulates (hooves), pastern bones, • To the Back • Pelvis, ilium, ischium, femur, femoral head and neck, patella, stifle joints, tibia, fibula, tarsus (small animals), hock

  11. Testing… Testing… • Arthocentesis: removal of liquid from a joint of analysis • Arthography: inject contrast material for radiographic testing • Arthoscopy: visually examine a joint using a fiber optic scope • Radiology: study internal structures (Xrays)

  12. Common Aliments of Bones • Arthritis: inflammation of joints causing pain • Rheumatoid arthritis: autoimmune disorder of the connective tissues and joints • Hip Dysplasia: abnormal development of pelvic joint. Head of femur and acetabulum do not align. (large breed dogs) • Luxation: dislocation or displacement of a bone from its joint • Subluxation: partial dislocation • Osteoporosis: abnormal loss of bone density, increase in porosity

  13. Medial Luxating Patella ( Toy Dog) • Closer view of knee with medial luxating patella. Instead of riding up and down normal groove patella is off to the side

  14. Types of Fractures

  15. Muscles : Types

  16. Ligament vs. Tendon • Ligament: • Band of fibrous connective tissue that connects one bone to another bone • Tendon • Band of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone

  17. How Muscles are labeled: • Positional: • Pector: Chest • Epaxial: above • Intercostal: between the ribs • Infra/Supra-spinatus: beneath or below/above • Inferior: below or deep • Medius: middle • Superior: above • Ex/In-ternus: outer/inner • Orbicularis: surrounding

  18. Muscle Labeling contin… • Directional: • Rectus: straight • Oblique: slanted • Transverse: crosswise • Sphincter: tight band • Numerical Parts • Bi: 2 • Tri: 3 • Quad: 4

  19. Muscle Labeling… • Size: • Minimus: Small • Maximus/ vastus: Large • Longissimus/gracilis: Narrow • Latissimus: Broad • Major • Minor

  20. Muscle Labeling: Last Slide! • Shape • Deltoid: triangle • Quadratus: square or 4 sided • Rhomboideus: diamond • Scalenus: Unequally 3-sided • Serratus: saw toothed • Teres: cylindrical

  21. Work to complete • Represent the different types of muscles • Sheet of paper • Explain what they do • Where might your find them? • Finish chapter reviews • Finish chptr3 worksheets

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