Linking U.S.-Russian Science, Education, Research & Development with High Performance Networking

1. Linking U.S.-Russian Science, Education, Research & Developmentwith High Performance Networking Natasha Bulashova, Friends & Partners Foundation Greg Cole, Joe Gipson National Computational Science Alliance, UIUC N S F H I G H P E R F O R M A N C E I N T E R N A T I O N A L I N T E R N E T S E R V I C E S P R O G R A M

3. MIRnet Network Topology NAP in Chicago is represented with router and ATM switch connected to STAR TAP NAP in Moscow is represented with router and ATM switch connected to Internet Exchange in M9 which is managed by Russian Institute of Public Networks. Intro

5. Russian Academy of Science Intro

6. Russian Users Novgorod State Univ. In: 0.4% Out: 0.2% Moscow State Univ. In: 30.4% Out: 24.8% 21 1 Yaroslavl’ Reg. Net. In: 0.7% Out: 0.6% Chernagolovka In: 24.5% Out: 6.1% 17 2 Ural State University In: 2.7% Out: 3.8% MEPHI In: 8.0% Out: 2.3% 8 3 RAS Ural Reg. Acad. Net. In: 1.4% Out: 0.6% 11 Chelyabinsk FREEnet In: 3.0% Out: 0.6% 7 Intro

7. MIRnet routed institutions in Moscow Intro

8. U.S. Users • Traffic to U.S. • 93% educational • 7% .gov/.mil • Traffic from U.S. • 92% educational • 8% .gov/.mil US Government agency use of MIRnet (megabytes transferred since July, 2000) Intro

9. Russian Institution Users Megabytes transferred July 1 - October 14, 2000 Impact

10. US Institution Users Impact

11. International Traffic Flow to Russia #4 Finland 4% (31G) #2 Sweden 12% (99G) #7 Canada 3% (22 G) #6 U.K. 3% (24G) #5 Netherlands 3% (27G) #13 Japan 0.3% (2.8G) #1 U.S. 63% (508 G) #3 France 4% (33G) #12 China 0.4% (3G) Primary Country Providers of Traffic to Russia since July 1, 2000 Intro

12. Link Configuration PVC for regular applications (PVCr), 4 Mbp/s PVC for multicast applications (PVCm) Router CISCO7507 Chicago Router CISCO7507 Moscow PVC for special application (PVCs) Engineering

13. MIRnet challenges • Current Russian management strictly controls access (no access in St. Petersburg or Novosibirsk, for example) • Not peering with some key Russian networks of interest to US federal agencies (such as NASA, DOE, DOD) • 6 Mbps link is over-subscribed

14. MIRnet: Immediate future • Transition network/project management to original partners (Kurchatov Institute & F&P Foundation) • Implement, with Teleglobe’s help, a trial MPLS service (2xDS3 Moscow-Amsterdam, 1xDS3 Amsterdam-Chicago) • Move, with Teleglobe’s help, to new permanent MPLS service (OC3 Russia-Europe, 2xDS3 Europe-Chicago) • Expand access within Russia immediately to St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk; expand peering arrangements (in Moscow) with Rbnet, FREEnet, Radio MGUnet, Russian Space Science Internet, RUNNet, MinAtom

15. MIRnet: Longer term • Extension to other CIS countries • “Access” type facility in Moscow • Deploy Access Grid nodes across Russia • Expand U.S. federal agencies involved in using MIRnet • Complete MIRnet Access Scheduling System (MASS) (pursuing development funding for this now) • Conference in 2001 on high performance networking applications (Moscow) • “Northern Network”

16. Another challenge . . Russian Science Academy Orders Reports on Foreign Contacts MOSCOW, May 31, 2001 -- (Agence France Presse) Russia's Academy of Sciences has ordered Russian scientists to report to state authorities on their contacts with foreign officials, according to a copy of the directive obtained by AFP Wednesday. One directive orders the heads of laboratories and research groups throughout Russia to inform the academy's "foreign department" by June 1 of any agreements and international cooperation deals they may have entered into. Science officials are required to inform the department of any visit by a foreigner to their laboratories and of any application for financial aid from foreign organizations. They are also to present a report after any scientific mission abroad, and to provide a copy to the authorities of any article sent abroad for publication. A directive dated May 24 was headed "The Academy of Sciences action plan to avoid any harm to the Russian state in the sphere of economic and scientific cooperation." It orders "specialist departments" and the heads of research institutes to "carry out an analysis of international agreements signed by scientific bodies in order to ... prevent the transmission abroad of information concerning national security." It also calls for "strengthening controls on articles being prepared and the exchange of information with foreign countries" in order "not to permit the publication abroad of unauthorized information." The directive moreover calls for "organizational and technical measures to ensure the security of limited-access information when (Russian) scientists link up with international computer networks, particularly the Internet." ((c) 2001 Agence France Presse)

17. Thank you Natasha • Originating member of Russian MIRnet team • Worked with US staff for 7 years on several US-Russian networking projects • Focus on developing domestic Russian infrastructure via CIVnet program Natasha Bulashova, President, F&P Intro

18. Thank you! • NSF ANIR, Steve Goldstein • Kurchatov Institute, Evgeny Velikhov • Teleglobe • University of Tennessee (Homer Fisher) • UIUC/NCSA • STARTAP