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AP Poetry

AP Poetry. Sonnets and Romantic Poems. Sonnets. Shakespearean 14 lines – 3 quatrains and 1 couplet Rhyme scheme of ababcdcdefefgg Typically about love, time and mortality 1-126 are thought to be written about a young man (“A Fair Youth”)

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AP Poetry

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  1. AP Poetry Sonnets and Romantic Poems

  2. Sonnets • Shakespearean • 14 lines – 3 quatrains and 1 couplet • Rhyme scheme of ababcdcdefefgg • Typically about love, time and mortality • 1-126 are thought to be written about a young man (“A Fair Youth”) • 127-154 are thought to be written about a woman (“A Dark Lady”) • Petrarchan • 14 lines – 1 octave and 1 sestet • Rhyme scheme of abbaabbacddcdd (sestet varies on scheme) • Typically about unattainable love, like all sonnets • Octave introduces a problem, sestet contains the volta or turning point in the speaker’s tone

  3. Romantic Poetry • Romanticism – stronger expression; hopes, dreams; focus on nature, childhood/innocence, seclusion/isolation • Focus more on subject rather than form and rhyme scheme • Setting is usually in nature • Famous Romantic Poets: Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Keats, Byron, and Shelley • Acknowledges subjects such as death, life after death and God

  4. William Blake: “The Chimney Sweeper” • Songs of Innocence • Use of names: shows lower class (Tom, Dick, Joe, Ned, and Jack) • Use of imagery: colors – black, white and green • Symbols: lamb – innocence; ‘weep – shows young age, cannot pronounce “sw”; “in soot I sleep” – literally means the child is always dirty, figuratively means bad dreams • Tone: naïve, innocent, hopeful • Mood: somber • Songs of Experience • “‘weep” is now understood as crying • Poor childhood • Tone: dark and depressing • Snow – symbolizes nature • God is huge in this piece, connection to religion and nature • Blake compares the two to show that neither one is correct, innocence and experience come hand in hand

  5. Songs of Innocence When my mother died I was very young, And my father sold me while yet my tongue Could scarcely cry 'weep! 'weep! 'weep! 'weep! So your chimneys I sweep, and in soot I sleep. There's little Tom Dacre, who cried when his head, That curled like a lamb's back, was shaved: so I said, "Hush, Tom! never mind it, for when your head's bare, You know that the soot cannot spoil your white hair.“ And so he was quiet; and that very night, As Tom was a-sleeping, he had such a sight, - That thousands of sweepers, Dick, Joe, Ned, and Jack, Were all of them locked up in coffins of black. And by came an angel who had a bright key, And he opened the coffins and set them all free; Then down a green plain leaping, laughing, they run, And wash in a river, and shine in the sun. Then naked and white, all their bags left behind, They rise upon clouds and sport in the wind; And the angel told Tom, if he'd be a good boy, He'd have God for his father, and never want joy. And so Tom awoke; and we rose in the dark, And got with our bags and our brushes to work. Though the morning was cold, Tom was happy and warm; So if all do their duty they need not fear harm. Songs of Experience A little black thing in the snow, Crying "weep! weep!" in notes of woe! "Where are thy father and mother? Say!"-- "They are both gone up to the church to pray. "Because I was happy upon the heath, And smiled among the winter's snow, They clothed me in the clothes of death, And taught me to sing the notes of woe. "And because I am happy and dance and sing, They think they have done me no injury, And are gone to praise God and his priest and king,Who make up a heaven of our misery." “The Chimney Sweeper”

  6. William Wordsworth: “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” • Inspired by his sister Dorothy’s account of a walk amongst daffodils • Set in nature • Wordsworth is noting the beauty of the flowers while he sails among the clouds • The scene is only a memory that we see from the speaker • The speaker returns to this memory in boring times of the real world

  7. “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” I wandered lonely as a CloudThat floats on high o'er Vales and Hills,When all at once I saw a crowdA host of dancing Daffodils;Along the Lake, beneath the trees,Ten thousand dancing in the breeze.The waves beside them danced, but theyOutdid the sparkling waves in glee: --A poet could not but be gayIn such a laughing company:I gazed -- and gazed -- but little thoughtWhat wealth the show to me had brought:For oft when on my couch I lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,They flash upon that inward eyeWhich is the bliss of solitude,And then my heart with pleasure fills,And dances with the Daffodils.

  8. Samuel Taylor Coleridge: “A Tombless Epitaph” • Coleridge touches on the idea of religion and looking back on the past • Personifies “time” • Set in the forest and the hills • The last few lines of his poem are about death, controversial and unspoken of outside of romanticism

  9. 'Tis true, Idoloclastes Satyrane !(So call him, for so mingling blame with praise,And smiles with anxious looks, his earliest friends,Masking his birth-name, wont to characterHis wild-wood fancy and impetuous zeal,)'Tis true that, passionate for ancient truths,And honouring with religious love the GreatOf elder times, he hated to excess,With an unquiet and intolerant scorn,The hollow Puppets of an hollow Age,Ever idolatrous, and changing everIts worthless Idols ! Learning, Power, and Time,(Too much of all) thus wasting in vain warOf fervid colloquy. Sickness, 'tis true,Whole years of weary days, besieged him close,Even to the gates and inlets of his life !But it is true, no less, that strenuous, firm,And with a natural gladness, he maintainedThe citadel unconquered, and in joyWas strong to follow the delightful Muse. For not a hidden path, that to the shadesOf the beloved Parnassian forest leads,Lurked undiscovered by him ; not a rillThere issues from the fount of Hippocrene,But he had traced it upward to its source,Through open glade, dark glen, and secret dell,Knew the gay wild flowers on its banks, and culledIts med'cinable herbs. Yea, oft alone,Piercing the long-neglected holy cave,The haunt obscure of old Philosophy,He bade with lifted torch its starry wallsSparkle, as erst they sparkled to the flameOf odorous lamps tended by Saint and Sage.O framed for calmer times and nobler hearts !O studious Poet, eloquent for truth !Philosopher ! contemning wealth and death,Yet docile, childlike, full of Life and Love !Here, rather than on monumental stone,This record of thy worth thy Friend inscribes,Thoughtful, with quiet tears upon his cheek. “A Tombless Epitaph”

  10. John Keats: “When I Have Fears That I May Cease To Be” • John Keats writes that he fears death before he has finished his “life story” • The “high-piled books” hold things that are necessary to him, showing instability • Personifies night • Time is of the essence to him as he may not “look upon [his love] more” • He is left alone in the world - isolation

  11. “When I Have Fears That I May Cease To Be” When I have fears that I may cease to beBefore my pen has glean'd my teeming brain,Before high-piled books, in charactery,Hold like rich garners the full ripen'd grain;When I behold, upon the night's starr'd face,Huge cloudy symbols of a high romance,And think that I may never live to traceTheir shadows, with the magic hand of chance;And when I feel, fair creature of an hour,That I shall never look upon thee more,Never have relish in the faery powerOf unreflecting love;--then on the shoreOf the wide world I stand alone, and thinkTill love and fame to nothingness do sink.

  12. Lord Byron: “Manfred” • Ghost story connected to Faustus • Internally tortured by the death of Astarte • Asks spirits for forgiveness, who will not help • Manfred denies redemption • Manfred is a “Byronic Hero”: mysterious, misanthrope, carries a nameless guilt, isolated, self-reliant, rebellious

  13. “Manfred” Excerpt MANFRED. Accursèd! what have I to do with days? They are too long already.-- Hence-- begone! SPIRIT. Yet pause: being here, our will would do thee service; Bethink thee, is there then no other gift Which we can make not worthless in thine eyes? MANFRED. No, none: yet stay-- one moment, ere we part-- I would behold ye face to face. I hear Your voices, sweet and melancholy sounds, As music on the waters; and I see The steady aspect of a clear large star; But nothing more. Approach me as ye are, Or one, or all, in your accustom'd forms. SPIRIT.We have no forms, beyond the elements Of which we are the mind and principle: But choose a form-- in that we will appear. MANFRED. I have no choice, there is no form on earth Hideous or beautiful to me. Let him, Who is most powerful of ye, take such aspect As unto him may seem most fitting.-- Come! Manfred Poem

  14. Percy Shelley: “Mont Blanc” • Existentialism • Focuses on imagery and personification of nature • Isolation as he takes the walk by Mont Blanc • Solely about man’s connection with nature • Often referenced in other pieces, such as “Manfred”

  15. The fields, the lakes, the forests, and the streams,Ocean, and all the living things that dwell Within the daedal earth; lightning, and rain,Earthquake, and fierv flood, and hurricane,The torpor of the year when feeble dreamsVisit the hidden buds, or dreamless sleepHolds every future leaf and flower; the bound With which from that detested trance they leap;The works and ways of man, their death and birth,And that of him and all that his may be;All things that move and breathe with toil and soundAre born and die; revolve, subside, and swell. Power dwells apart in its tranquillity,Remote, serene, and inaccessible: And this, the naked countenance of earth,On which I gaze, even these primaeval mountains Teach the adverting mind. The glaciers creep Like snakes that watch their prey, from their far fountains,Slow rolling on; there, many a precipice,Frost and the Sun in scorn of mortal powerHave piled: dome, pyramid, and pinnacle,A city of death, distinct with many a tower And wall impregnable of beaming ice.Yet not a city, but a flood of ruinIs there, that from the boundaries of the skyRolls its perpetual stream; vast pines are strewingIts destined path, or in the mangled soil Branchless and shattered stand; the rocks ' drawn downFrom yon remotest waste, have overthrownThe limits of the dead and living world,Never to be reclaimed. “Mont Blanc” (excerpt)

  16. Now it’s your turn: • Choose a poem from one of the following romantic poets and write two paragraphs on how they embody the ideas of romanticism: Keats, Shelley, Byron, Wordsworth, Coleridge, or Blake or b) Compare and contrast the ideas of romanticism in Keats’ “Bright Star” and Shelley’s “Ozymandius”

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