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South Africa: Khayelitsha Youth violence Reduction Panel Study mid-study presentation

South Africa: Khayelitsha Youth violence Reduction Panel Study mid-study presentation. Ian Edelstein Head of Communications Pretoria Regional Delegation. ICRC Mission Statement.

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South Africa: Khayelitsha Youth violence Reduction Panel Study mid-study presentation

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  1. South Africa:Khayelitsha Youth violence Reduction Panel Studymid-study presentation Ian Edelstein Head of Communications Pretoria Regional Delegation

  2. ICRC Mission Statement • The International Committee of the Red Cross is an impartial, neutral, and independent organization whose exclusively humanitarian mission is to protect the lives and dignity of victims of armed conflict and other situations of violence and to provide them with assistance.

  3. The Problem: young people (12-21 year-olds) in S. Africa: • are assaulted at 8 times the adult rate, theft at 5 times and robbery at 4 times the adult rate. • 76% of all young offenders have been victims of violent crime. • While SA murder rate dropped from 66/100,000 in 1994/5 to 40 in 2006, violent crime against children increased from 2002 to 2005: rape up by 55%, murder by 45%, and serious assault by 50% • The murder rate in Khayelitsha (police precinct) is consistently 150-200 per 100,000 inhabitants • overall: 9 male homicides for every one female victim

  4. The Approach • Partnership with local, “embedded” youth development NGO (AmandlaEdu-Football) • 3-year Panel Study (N=401 in Khayelitsha) of 12-22 year-old males exploring family factors, attitudes and behaviors relating to pro/anti-socialization and Violence / Aggression • Allows for cross-sectional comparison (between intervention and control participants and longitudinal analysis of behavior/attitude change

  5. Research Purpose • What risk and protective factors predict attitudes favourable to the use of interpersonal violence? Can these be successfully measured and can evidence of behavioural change be discerned over a 3-year period? • Is there a measurable change in violent attitudes/behaviour among Amandla participants compared with a control group with similar environmental characteristics and risk factors? • If detected, are these "Amandla-effects" transient or sustained?

  6. Identification of the CS partner • Active year-round; • Have an existing permanent space in a highly vulnerable community; • Use sport as a vehicle to attract 12-21 year-old black or coloured males (the target population for violence reduction, other groups can be involved separately); • operational for at least two years; • some form of life skills (curriculum, counselling, educational enrichment); • proven ability to work with at least 300 target youth on a weekly basis.

  7. A matrix theory of behaviour

  8. Violent Home Deviant Peers Theory of Youth Violence School Attitude Household Deprivation Substance Use Use / rejection of violence Future Attitude/ Resiliency Pro-gangs Harsh Parenting Structured Leisure Intervention New Models of Behaviour

  9. Factors and pathways to a favourable attitude toward the use of violence

  10. Factors and pathways to a favourable attitude toward the use of violence (measured * p<0.05, ** p<0.01)

  11. Factors and pathways to a favourable attitude toward the use of violence with structured leisure intervention

  12. Factors and pathways to a favourable attitude toward the use of violence with structured leisure intervention

  13. 600 meter radius Ikhusi Primary School

  14. LessonsLearned Accurateattendance (Intervention Dosage) data iscritical Sharedunderstanding of concepts acrosslanguages and micro-cultures Field Research: Self-reporting/under-reporting, subject and interviewer fatigue, complexity of sampling and supervision, service providers sometimeslacking ‘humanitarianimperative’ Time frame to see behavioural change (and sustain?)

  15. Recommendations Integrate research capacity into local organisation(s) Will create a more user-friendly scorecard and streamlined assessment tool Continue Khayelitsha research beyond 3-year pilot to develop more robust panel data Applyresearchatlargerscale to Gugulethu/ManenburgSafe Hub incorporating multiple interventions and ‘Natural Experiment’ conditions Targeted gang leader intervention/integration Evidence-Based Structured Leisure Intervention may be the missing key to addressing urban youth violence in the SA context

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