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Title IX As It Ages Do You Remember Title IX?

Title IX As It Ages Do You Remember Title IX?. Pamela S. Anderson, Ph.D. Sonya L. Sanderson, D.A. Donna K. Sledge, M.S. Overview. Introduction Background Where We Stand Now Purpose Methods Results Conclusions. Title IX. Introduction. Introduction.

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Title IX As It Ages Do You Remember Title IX?

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  1. Title IX As It AgesDo You Remember Title IX? Pamela S. Anderson, Ph.D. Sonya L. Sanderson, D.A. Donna K. Sledge, M.S.

  2. Overview Introduction Background Where We Stand Now Purpose Methods Results Conclusions TitleIX

  3. Introduction

  4. Introduction Title IX of the Educational Amendments Act of 1972 Do you remember the pre-Title IX area? Impetus for this investigation TitleIX

  5. Title IX “No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance.” Taken from the U.S. Department of Education Office for Civil Rights & The NCAA Webpage TitleIX

  6. Background TitleIX

  7. Background TitleIX

  8. Where Do We Stand Now?Acosta & Carpenter (2008) Where we are growing? Opportunities to participate 9,101 female athletic teams per university/college Paid assistant coaches of female teams 6,308 (57.1%) Employed in intercollegiate athletics 14,742 Athletic directors 21.3%, yet in 1972 90% directed female athletics TitleIX

  9. Where Do We Stand Now?Acosta & Carpenter (2008) Where we have room to improve? Female head coaches 20.6% of all teams (male/female) have a female coach 42.8% of female teams have a female head coach as compared to 57.2% male head coaches, 1972 90% were female Head athletic trainers 27.3% are female Sports Information Directors 11.3% are female TitleIX

  10. Obligations of Colleges & Universities in 3 Basic Areas Participation – similar opportunity to participate Scholarships – scholarship money that is representative to their participation Other benefits Equipment & supplies - Practice/competition Scheduling facilities Travel - Medical/training services Tutoring - Sports Information service Coaching - Opportunity to recruit Locker rooms - Support services TitleIX

  11. How is Participation MeasuredQuotas or Proportionality Three Prongs of Compliance (only one required) Proportionality History & Continuing Practice Accommodation of Interests & Abilities Taken from the U.S. Department of Education Office for Civil Rights & The NCAA Webpage TitleIX

  12. Additional Areas Impacted By Title IX Other areas of student extracurricular activities (e.g., band, drama, etc.) All forms of sexual discrimination Admissions and counseling Married/pregnant students TitleIX

  13. Purpose The primary objective of this session is to determine the extent to which college-aged females have a working knowledge of Title IX. The secondary objective is to discuss how to educate young women on the background and importance of maintaining the integrity of Title IX. TitleIX

  14. Methods

  15. Participants 127 were high school athletes 36 were college athletes 27 received a full or partial scholarship 153 were high school athletes 67 were college athletes 39 received a full or partial scholarship 415 males and females aged 18-33 from two southern universities Females Males TitleIX

  16. TitleIX

  17. What Sports Did They Play? TitleIX Volleyball =11 Soccer=28 Football=73 Basketball=32 Baseball=53 Softball=41 Wrestling=3 Swimming/Diving=2 Cheerleading=32 Track=1 Cross Country=1 Other=14 Unanswered=124

  18. Collegiate Sports Played TitleIX Volleyball =3 Soccer=5 Football=9 Basketball=5 Baseball=52 Softball=22 Wrestling=0 Swimming/Diving=1 Cheerleading=2 Track=0 Cross Country=1 Other=9 Did not play=306

  19. Procedures Questionnaires were presented to students in the following classes: Health, Athletic Training, and Physical Education (pedagogy) classes Demographic questionnaire Title IX questionnaire – 21 questions Created from information compiled from the Women’s Sports Foundation, 2008 TitleIX

  20. Statistical Analysis Descriptive Statistics Correlation to determine if there is a relationship between certain key variables TitleIX

  21. Results

  22. What Is Title IX? 156 out of 216 (72%) responded correctly 136 out 198 (68.7%) responded correctly Title IX is part of the Education Amendments Act of 1972. It is a federal law which prohibits discrimination in any educational programming based on sex at all institutions which receive federal Funds. Females Males TitleIX

  23. Quotas or Proportionality Yes = 63 No = 134 No answer = 1 Yes = 57 No = 152 No answer = 7 Title IX dictates that athletic opportunities for women’s programs must be Identical to male’s programs. Females Males TitleIX

  24. Quotas or Proportionality Yes = 82 No = 125 No answer = 9 Yes = 101 No = 97 No answer = 0 To remain in compliance with Title IX, male athletic opportunities must be reduced in order to provide athletic opportunities for women. Females Males TitleIX

  25. Quotas or Proportionality Yes = 125 No = 79 No answer = 12 Yes = 121 No = 74 No answer = 3 Does Title IX require an equal number of teams for male and female athletes? Females Males TitleIX

  26. Overall Picture A. 50% = 27 B. 10% = 34 C. 70% = 41 D. 30% = 90 E. 80% = 16 No answer = 8 A. 50% = 22 B. 10% = 46 C. 70% = 41 D. 30% = 67 E. 80% = 19 No answer = 3 What percent of ALL schools and colleges are still not in compliance with Title IX? Women’s Sports Foundation, 2002 Females Males TitleIX

  27. Overall Picture Yes = 173 No = 36 No answer = 7 Yes = 148 No = 49 No answer = 1 After 30 years of Title IX being in effect, do male athletes still receive more financial support and athletic opportunities than women do? Females Males TitleIX

  28. Conclusion

  29. Conclusions What can we conclude from these finding? TitleIX

  30. Where Do We Go From Here?

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