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The Digestive System

This chapter provides an overview of the major structures and functions of the digestive system, including the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Learn about the related combining forms and their definitions, and test your knowledge with learning exercises and quizzes.

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The Digestive System

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  1. The Digestive System Chapter 8

  2. Overview of Structures, Combining Forms,and Functions of the Digestive Systems

  3. Major Structures and AccessoryOrgans of the Digestive System

  4. Mouth • Primary Function • Begins preparation of food for digestion • Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) • or/o • stomat/o

  5. Structures of the Tongue and Oral Cavity

  6. Pharynx • Primary Function • Transports food from the mouth to the esophagus • Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) • pharyng/o

  7. Esophagus • Primary Function • Transports food from the pharynx to the stomach • Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) • esophag/o

  8. Stomach • Primary Function • Breaks down food and mixes it with digestivejuices • Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) • gastr/o

  9. Structures of the Stomach

  10. Small Intestine • Primary Function • Completes digestion and absorption of mostnutrients • Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) • enter/o

  11. Large Intestine • Primary Function • Absorbs excess water • Prepares solid waste for elimination • Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) • col/o, colon/o

  12. Structures of Large Intestine

  13. Rectum and Anus • Primary Function • Controls the excretion of solid waste • Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) • an/o • proct/o • rect/o

  14. Liver • Primary Function • Secretes bile and enzymes to aid in thedigestion of fats • Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) • hepat/o

  15. Gallbladder • Primary Function • Stores bile and releases it to the small intestineas needed • Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) • cholecyst/o

  16. Pancreas • Primary Function • Secretes digestive juices and enzymes into smallintestine as needed • Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) • pancreat/o (continues)

  17. Pancreas

  18. Key Word Parts and Definitions • an/o • anus, ring • chol/e • bile, gall • cholecyst/o • gallbladder • col/o, colon/o • colon, large intestine (continues)

  19. Key Word Parts and Definitions • -emesis • vomiting • enter/o • small intestine • esophag/o • esophagus • gastr/o • stomach, belly (continues)

  20. Key Word Parts and Definitions • hepat/o • liver • -lithiasis • presence of stones • -pepsia • digest, digestion • -phagia • eating, swallowing (continues)

  21. Key Word Parts and Definitions • proct/o • anus and rectum • rect/o • rectum, straight • sigmoid/o • sigmoid colon

  22. Questions

  23. Question • The hydrochloric acid in the human stomach isstrong enough to dissolve a nail. True or False?

  24. Answer • True

  25. Question • How many pounds of force can the jaw musclesprovide to bring the back teeth together forchewing? • 50 • 200 • 500

  26. Answer • c. 200

  27. Question • If 80% of the human liver was removed, it couldstill function and would eventually regenerate toits original size. • True or False?

  28. Answer • True

  29. Question • The body’s longest internal organ is the smallintestine at an average length of about: • 20 feet • 10 feet • 5 feet

  30. Answer • a. 20 feet

  31. Answers to Learning Exercises

  32. Chapter 8 Answers Matching Word Parts 1 8.1. an/o 8.2. chol/e 8.3. col/o 8.4. -phagia 8.5. enter/o Matching Word Parts 2 8.6. gastr/o 8.7. hepat/o 8.8. cholecyst/o 8.9. esophag/o 8.10. -lithiasis

  33. Chapter 8 Answers Matching Word Parts 3 8.11. sigmoid/o 8.12. proct/o 8.13. -pepsia 8.14. -emesis 8.15. rect/o Definitions 8.16. anoscopy 8.17. stomatomycosis 8.18. ileum 8.19. bowel incontinence 8.20. bile 8.21. ascending colon 8.22. anabolism 8.23. tongue 8.24. periodontium 8.25. intussusception

  34. Chapter 8 Answers Matching Structures 8.26. cecum 8.27. sigmoid colon 8.28. rectum 8.29. jejunum 8.30. duodenum Which Word? 8.31. hematemesis 8.32. hepatitis A 8.33. celiac disease 8.34. enteritis 8.35. uvula

  35. Chapter 8 Answers Spelling Counts 8.36. ileectomy 8.37. dysentery 8.38. cirrhosis 8.39. proctopexy 8.40. xerostomia Abbreviation Identification 8.41. ulcerative colitis 8.42. colonoscopy 8.43. gastroesophageal reflux disease 8.44. irritable bowel Syndrome 8.45. peptic ulcer disease

  36. Chapter 8 Answers Term Selection 8.46. gastrectomy 8.47. dysphagia 8.48. bruxism 8.49. cirrhosis 8.50. bilirubin Sentence Completion 8.51. aerophagia 8.52. regurgitation 8.53. jaundice 8.54. pyloric sphincter 8.55. feces

  37. Chapter 8 Answers Word Surgery 8.56. esophag/o, gastr/o, duoden/o, -scopy 8.57. peri-, odont, -ist 8.58. sigmoid/o, -scopy 8.59. anti-, emet, -ic 8.60. gastr/o, duoden, -ostomy True/False 8.61. True 8.62. False 8.63. True 8.64. False 8.65. True

  38. Chapter 8 Answers Clinical Conditions 8.66. ileus 8.67. ascites 8.68. edentulous 8.69. hyperemesis 8.70. colostomy 8.71. pyrosis 8.72. melena 8.73. diverticulitis 8.74. herpes labialis 8.75. halitosis Which Is the Correct Medical Term? 8.76. Hemoccult 8.77. anastomosis 8.78. anorexia nervosa 8.79. calculus 8.80. hepatectomy

  39. Chapter 8 Answers Challenge Word Building 8.81. gastrorrhaphy 8.82. esophagalgia 8.83. sigmoidectomy 8.84. proctalgia 8.85. gastropexy 8.86. sigmoiditis 8.87. esophagogastrectomy 8.88. hepatoenteric 8.89. hepatomegaly 8.90. gastroenterocolitis Labeling Exercises 8.91. salivary 8.92. esophagus 8.93. stomach 8.94. pancreas 8.95. liver 8.96. gallbladder 8.97. large 8.98. appendix 8.99. small 8.100. rectum

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