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UNESCO Desire – Net project LCA applications in electricity generation Paolo Masoni

UNESCO Desire – Net project LCA applications in electricity generation Paolo Masoni ENEA – LCA & Ecodesign Lab (PROT – INN) paolo.masoni@bologna.enea.it UNESCO Rome, 2006 27 th June. Table of Content. Product Category Rules Example for electricity generation

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UNESCO Desire – Net project LCA applications in electricity generation Paolo Masoni

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  1. UNESCO Desire – Net project LCA applications in electricity generation Paolo Masoni ENEA – LCA & Ecodesign Lab (PROT – INN) paolo.masoni@bologna.enea.it UNESCO Rome, 2006 27th June

  2. Table of Content • Product Category Rules • Example for electricity generation • Results of LCA study on wind generators • Comparison of results of different electricity generation plants • wind • geothermal • nuclear • Hydro • Conclusions

  3. Product Category Rules • Reference: ISO 14025:2006 • Purpose: definition of common rules to make it possible a comparison of LCA studies of different products/services with equal function • Basis for developing Environmental Product Declarations (EPD)

  4. PCR for Electricity Generation • Functional Unit: 1 kWh of electricity generated and distributed • System Boundaries: • reflect the goal of the production process (i.e. waste management or biomass production are included) • include all processes in the life cycle from extraction of raw material, via generating electricity, down to delivery to customer

  5. Source: PSR 2004:2 Swedish Environmental Management Council

  6. Source: PSR 2004:2 Swedish Environmental Management Council

  7. Impact categories

  8. Hazardous waste, not including nuclear waste Nuclear waste (reported in volume of conditioned waste, e.g., m3) High radioactive waste Medium radioactive waste Low radioactive waste Low radioactive wastes without further treatment (such as mining/milling wastes) Other waste Area of land use Output of material resources subject to recycling Output of energywares subject to recycling Inventory Data

  9. Example: Swedish Windpower Plants • Vattenfall owns and operates 25 windpower plants with together about 40 turbines. • Total installed capacity is 24 MW with a production of ca 0.04 TWh annually.

  10. Input Data Inventory Source: EPD S-P-00044

  11. Emissions Source: EPD S-P-00044

  12. Other information Source: EPD S-P-00044

  13. Comparison of results of 5 different electricity generating plants • Wind generator in Italy (ENEL) • Wind generator in Sweden (Vattenfall) • Geothermal plant in Italy (ENEL) • Nuclear plant in Sweden (Vattenfall) • Hydro power plant in Sweden (Vattenfall)

  14. Emission of greenhouse gases g CO2eq

  15. Ozone depleting gases g CFC-11

  16. Acidifying substances Mole H+

  17. Gases contributing to the formation of ground level ozone g ethene-eq.

  18. Eutrophicating substances g O2

  19. Conclusions • Comparison is possible but difficult • multicriteria analysis • some results need a more accurate interpretation (differences in similar plants) • In some case (i.e. nuclear plant) applicability of LCA is questionable because: • it does not take into account accidental conditions • time horizon of consequences • effects of radioactive releases strongly dependent by local conditions

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