ROMANIAN NATIONAL RADIOACTIVE WASTES MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

1. ROMANIAN NATIONAL RADIOACTIVE WASTES MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

3. CONTENT • RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT POLICY • NUCLEAR RADWASTES PRODUCERS: Cernavoda NPP Research Reactors Medicine, agriculture, industry, etc. • NATIONAL STRATEGY • STATUS OF WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM • PUBLIC INFORMATION

4. RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT NATIONAL POLICY • Romania objective is to ensure the safe management of radioactive wastes, including spent fuel according to the provision of laws and regulations assuring the protection of human health and environment – including the protection of future generation. • Spent Fuel produced by Cernavoda NPPs shall not be reprocessed. • An National Agency for Radwaste has responsibility with disposal of radwaste. • The import of radwaste is prohibited. • Romania ratified the IAEA Joint Convention on the Safety of the Spent Fuel and Radioactive Waste Management in 1999.

5. R.W.M. NATIONAL POLICY - Main General Aspects • The licensees have the responsibility for management of radioactive waste arising from operation and decommissioning of their own nuclear and radiological facilities, up to disposal. • The licensees shall pay the legal contribution to the Fund earmarked for management of radioactive waste - collection, handling, transport, treatment, conditioning, storage and disposal - and to the Fund for decommissioning of nuclear installations;

6. ROMANIAN RADIOACTIVE WASTES PRODUCERS 1. Cernavoda NPP • Unit 1 - in operation since December 1996. • Unit 2 – was commissioned in 2007 y. • Unit 3 & 4 - to be commissioned in 2014 and 2015 y respectively. 2. Research reactors • Nuclear Research Institute (SCN) from Pitesti • Nuclear Research Institute “HoriaHulubei”(IFIN) from Bucharest – Măgurele 3. Medicine, agriculture, industry, etc.

7. 1. CERNAVODA NPP General Site View

8. NPP CERNAVODA CURRENT WASTE MANAGEMENT • the gaseous and aqueous liquid wastes are collected, filtred/purified by designed systems and then safely released/discharged into environment, • organic liquid wastes are pretreated (collection and segregation by interim storage criteria), treated (absorption into polymeric structure), packaged in stainless steel drums and stored in interim storage facility, • solid radioactive waste management at CNE Cernavoda includes the pretreatment (collection; segregation), treatment (volume reduction by compaction or shredding) and safe storage of waste.

9. Cernavoda NPP – Solid radioactive waste storage facility The current capacity of the concrete building that accommodates solid radioactive wastes is for 46 reactor-years.

10. CERNAVODA INTERIM DRY SPENT FUEL STORAGE FACILITY • An AECL technology, implemented at the Cernavoda conditions, • The first module was commissioned in May 2003, • Now there are 3 modules already erected on the site, • Site License is for a total Storage Capacity (27 MACSTOR modules) - to accommodate the spent fuel produced by Unit 1 and Unit 2 for a storage period of 50 years, • Exist possibility to extend the site to accommodate the spent fuel produced by 4 units from Cernavoda NPP.

11. CERNAVODA SFIDSF

13. CERNAVODA NPP - UNIT 1 S.F.B. SUBACVATIC TRANSFER AREA AND SPENT FUEL PREPARATION SHIELDING STATION GENERAL VIEW

14. 2. RESEARCH REACTORS 2.1. SCN Piteşti • According to the Agreement signed between Romania and USA, the HEU type fuel was already returned to USA. 2.2. IFIN-HoriaHulubei - Bucuresti – Magurele • According to the contract, the fuel has to be returned to Russia.

15. Institutional radioactive wastes The processing and conditioning of institutional radioactive wasteisdone by IFIN-HH and SCN on the sites of the researchreactorsatBucharest and Pitesti, in theirTreatment and Conditioningfacilities. IFIN-HH isresponsible for the transports of conditionedinstitutional radioactive waste, towards the National Repository for Radioactive Waste (DNDR) whichis locatedatBaita Bihor. The first wastedisposalswere made in 1986 and the currentestimateisthatdisposalswill continue until 2040. The repositoryisoperatednow, by IFIN HH. .

16. R.W.M. NATIONAL STRATEGY - Main objectives - • ‘The National Strategy on Medium and Long Term Management of Spent Nuclear Fuel and Radioactive Waste, including the Disposal and the Decommissioning of Nuclear and Radiological Facilities’, provides: • L&ILW Surface Repository by the end of 2014 y, • HLW Deep Geological Repository Facility by the end of 2055 y. • To be increase the safety and technical characteristics of BAITA – BIHOR Repository for improving the operational conditions.

17. STATUS OF ROMANIAN PROGRAM …about the Near surface repository Saligny

18. L&ILLW REPOSITORY Program • 1992 – 2000 y - A multiple-barriers disposal model was selected, in accordance with international practices and taking into account EU legislation IAEA and OECD reccomendations. • 2000 - till now • Site investigations for site characterization and confirmation of the Saligny site. • Propose a Conceptual Design, • Preparation of licensing documentation, including the Initial Safety Assessment Analysis and Environmental Impact • It is on the way the Licensing Process for obtaining the Saligny site License.

20. DISPOSAL CELL

21. STATUS OF ROMANIAN PROGRAM ……. About the HLW DGR Concept

22. Basic Assumptions of the Concept • The DGR proposed concept will implement an existing and demonstrated technology, adopted to the local conditions. • DGR facility will dispose both spent fuel and long lived wastes from 4 Cernavoda Units operation (30 ys life) and decommissioning of them; • The DGR concept is generic- and is not been based on conditions at any particular site. • No established host rockandNo proposed site.It is assumed aGeneric Site; • Prior to the receipt at DGR facility, both spent fuel and wastes are stored in existing Cernavoda storage facilities.

23. STATUS OF ROMANIAN PROGRAM ……. About the DGR Site

24. HOST ROCK SELECTION PROCESS • In Romania, the research of the geological environment for a deep geologicalrepositoryof spent fuel and long lived wastes is in its very early stages and is represented by desk and “on-map” studies.

26. Disposal Galleries at DNDR Baita - Bihor

27. About….Public INFORMATION • Information on radioactive waste management, including disposal, is an integrative part of national nuclear strategy. • Content of the information on radioactive waste management addresses the current concerns of Romanian public with the target to educate and build confidence that nuclear industry assumes the responsibility and takes care of its waste.

28. THANK YOU !

29. Radioactive waste management and public information (I) • Radioactive waste management, especially disposal, is one of the main public concern when nuclear power is in discussion • Vision of SNN’sinformation strategy: SNN SA to be perceived as a trusted source of factual information on all aspects of nuclear power, including radioactive waste management • “We need people to trust usand we work onthat” • SNN’s information strategy has main targets of: -education and building the credibility on the nuclear power • -education and building the credibility on the Romanian nuclear power program and the Cernavoda Nuclear Power Plant, as a feasible and safe alternative for electricity production, and considers the following parameters: • i) the target audience to which an attention should focus on; • ii) items of interest; • iii) methods for education, information and communication.

30. Radioactive waste management and public information (II) • Information on radioactive waste management, including disposal, is an integrative part of the SNN’s information strategy on nuclear power • Broad target audience • General public • Local public – living around the nuclear site(s) • Mass-media • Young generation (kindergarten and schools, students etc.) • Different professionals: teachers, doctors etc. • Women • Politicians: national and local authorities, mayors, elected representatives • Special attention should be paid to the people living around the site, as well as to the young generation. • Politicians represents a special target, sometime their interest may not match with the nuclear industry. • Women represents a very important audience.

31. Setting up the financial resources for safe management of radioactive wastes The financing mechanism it’s in place starting from 2007 • two segregated funds: one for spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste management (WMF) and the second one for decommissioning of nuclear facilities (DF); • The fee: 1.40 Euro/MWh for WMF and about 0.60 Euro/MWh for DF, covering the following expected costs: • 2.040 MUSD, as nominal cost, for management of spent nuclear fuel (1.060 MUSD for construction and operation of the geological repository), • 600 MUSD, as nominal cost, for management of low and intermediate level waste (180 MUSD for construction and operation of the near surface repository) and, • 320 MUSD for decommissioning of each Cernavoda Unit. For the research nuclear installations owned by the State, the decommissioning and waste management costs are taken over by the State Budget.

32. Current Strategy for Spent Fuel Management, in ROMANIA

33. Cernavoda Unit 1 NPP: The impact on environment Annual releases of radioactive effluents (Sv) Annual volume of solid radioactive waste (m3) Legal dose for population: 1000 Sv/an Dose constraint: 100 Sv/an Current annual dose values: < 10 Sv/an Operational annual target: 30 m3

35. MAIN INPUT DATA • The Surface repository will dispose low and intermediate short lived radwastes obtained from: • operation of four NPP Units, 30 year period, • Radioactive waste, generated by decommissioning of the four NPP Units. • The wastes will be conditioned before the disposal. • All wastes contain some quantities of C-14 and T. • 90% of activity is concentrated in spent ionic resins.

36. DESIGN FEATURES • The Repository for short lived radwaste will be of near surface type and will be provided with safety systems selected by taking into account the best practices in the world, as follows: • Filling of disposal structure under a mobile hangar, • Disposal vaults will be protected after closure by a waterproof cover consisting of a multibarrier layers including synthetic long life materials, • Disposal vaults will be provided with safety drainage system, • The water collection system will use a separative rainwater/seepage network.

37. DFDSMA

38. R.W.M. NATIONAL POLICY….. cont. According to the provisions of CNCAN Order 156/2005 the general classification of radioactive waste is the following: • excluded radioactive waste • transitional radioactive waste • very low level radioactive waste • low and interim level short lived radioactive waste • low and interim level long lived radioactive waste • high level radioactive waste