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Chapter 20 - Protists

Chapter 20 - Protists. Characteristics:. Eukaryotic Unicellular - may be colonial or filamentous ( Spirogyra and Volvox ) Animal-like, Plant-like, or Fungus-like characteristics. ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY. Animal-like Protists. “First animals” Classification is based on method of mobility

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Chapter 20 - Protists

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  1. Chapter 20 - Protists

  2. Characteristics: • Eukaryotic • Unicellular - may be colonial or filamentous (Spirogyra and Volvox) • Animal-like, Plant-like, or Fungus-like characteristics

  3. ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY

  4. Animal-like Protists “First animals” • Classification is based on method of mobility • Four Phyla: *** Protozoa *** Ciliophora *** Sarcomastigophora ***Apicomplexa

  5. Phylum Protozoa • Amoeba, Radiolarians and Formanifera • Move using pseudopods or false feet Pseudopods are used for movement and phagocytosis of food • Entamoeba histolytica – Amoebic dysentery

  6. AmoebaAmoeba Feeding

  7. Feeding

  8. Phylum Ciliophora • Paramecium, Stentor, Didinium, Vorticella • Have cilia for mobility

  9. Structures • Contractile vacuole – Regulates water pressure • Trichocysts – defense mechanisms • Macronucleus – binary fission • Micronucleus – conjugation • Gullet – food is packaged into food vacuoles • Oral groove – cilia lined to sweep food into gullet

  10. Paramecium Euplotes Paramecium w/ trichocysts Didinium Stentor Vorticella

  11. Didinium feedingParamecium feeding

  12. Phylum Sarcomastigophora • Giardia (Giardiasis),Trypanosoma (African Sleeping Sickness carried by Tse Tse fly • Have flagella for mobility • Many are parasitic and cause intestinal distress

  13. Phylum Apicomplexa • Plasmodium (Malaria carried by mosquitoe) & Toxoplasmosis • Nonmotile • Parasitic • Reproduce by forming spores in host cells

  14. Malarial Life Cycle

  15. Plant-like Protists • Classified by their main pigment • Euglenophyta – Euglena Move using Flagella • Eyespot as a photoreceptor to keep organism in photic zone • May be auto or heterotrophic

  16. 2. Pyrrophyta – Fire algae • Dinoflagellates have two flagella • Luminescent – give off light • Produce a neurotoxin – cause Red Tides when they “bloom” and Paralytic Shellfish poisoning in clams and oysters. Blooms concentrate in shell fish then into fish which we eat. Weaken or even kill – biomagnification example

  17. Red Tides • Caused by a bloom in Dinoflagellates • Produce neurotoxins • Responsible for large die-offs of marine organisms and seabirds Karenia brevis

  18. Bacillariophyta– Diatoms • Diatoms - Silica shell • Diatomaceous earth as filtering and also abrasives • Store food as oil (buoyancy)

  19. 4. ChlorophytaGreen algae • Volvox and Spirogyra • May have flagella or be immobile like Spirogyra • Main pigment is Chlorophyll a & b

  20. Fungus-like Protists • Slime molds – Found in nutrient rich materials like mulch, compost and thick wet lawns. • Absorptive heterotrophs • 2 stages in life • Single amoeba-like cells • Mold-like mass that produce spores

  21. Under The Microscope, Animal-Like

  22. Under The Microscope, Plant-Like

  23. Volvox Spirogyra Euglena Vorticella Amoeba Stentor Peranema Blepharisma Paramecium & Didinium Diatoms

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