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Cardiovascular System

Cardiovascular System. Blood The Heart The Vascular System. Characteristics of Blood. Amount Color pH Viscosity. Characteristics of Blood. Amount 4 – 6 liters 38 to 48% various cells 52 – 62% Plasma Color pH Viscosity. Characteristics of Blood. Amount Color

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Cardiovascular System

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  1. Cardiovascular System • Blood • The Heart • The Vascular System

  2. Characteristics of Blood • Amount • Color • pH • Viscosity

  3. Characteristics of Blood • Amount • 4 – 6 liters • 38 to 48% various cells • 52 – 62% Plasma • Color • pH • Viscosity

  4. Characteristics of Blood • Amount • Color • Bright red is arterial – O2 rich • Dark red is venous – O2 depleted • pH • Viscosity

  5. Characteristics of Blood • Amount • Color • pH • 7.35 to 7.45 on pH scale – alkaline • Venous blood is slightly lower due to CO2 • Viscosity

  6. Characteristics of Blood • Amount • Color • pH • Viscosity (thickness) • Blood is 3 to 5 times thicker than water • Thickness contributes to Blood Pressure

  7. Blood Make-up • Plasma • 91.5% Water • 7% Proteins – fibrogen, globulins, albumins • 1.5% Other – nutrients, hormones, nitrogenous wastes, respiratory gases, electrolytes • Blood Cells

  8. Blood Make-up • Plasma • Blood Cells • Erythrocytes – RBCs ~ 95% • Thrombocytes – Platelets ~ 4.8% • Leukocytes – WBCs ~ .2%

  9. Blood Make-up • Plasma • Blood Cells • Erythrocytes – RBCs ~ 95% • Contain hemoglobin – bonds with O2 • Live about 120 days • Produced in red bone marrow • Stem cell-> Normoblasts-> Reticulocytes-> Erythocytes • Thrombocytes – Platelets ~ 4.8% • Leukocytes – WBCs ~ .2%

  10. Blood Make-up • Plasma • Blood Cells • Erythrocytes – RBCs ~ 95% • Thrombocytes – Platelets ~ 4.8% • Cell fragments • Last 5 – 9 days • Primarily responsible for clotting mechanisms (3 mechanisms) • Vascular spasm – Platelet plugs – Chemical clotting • Leukocytes – WBCs ~ .2%

  11. Blood Make-up • Plasma • Blood Cells • Erythrocytes – RBCs ~ 95% • Thrombocytes – Platelets ~ 4.8% • Leukocytes – WBCs ~ .2% • 5 types separated into two groups • Granular Leukocytes: neutrophils – eosinophils – basophils • Agranular Leukocytes: lymphocytes - monocytes • Protect the body from Infectious disease • Provide Immunity to certain diseases

  12. Blood Types • ABO group – 4 blood types • A - has A antigens on the cell membrane • B - has B antigens on the cell membrane • AB - has A & B antigens on the cell membrane • O - has neither A nor B antigens on the cell membrane • Rh factor

  13. Blood Types • ABO group • Rh factor • Rh+ have the Rh antigen • Rh- do not have Rh antigen

  14. Blood Clotting • 3 types of Clotting • Vascular spasm • Platelet plugs • Chemical clotting

  15. Blood Clotting • Vascular spasm • When a large artery or vein is severed, smooth muscle in its wall contracts. Platelets release serotonin which brings about vasoconstriction, creating a smaller area to block with clots • Platelet plugs • Chemical clotting

  16. Blood Clotting • Vascular spasm • Platelet plugs • When capillaries rupture, the damage is too slight to initiate the formation of a clot. The rough shape causes the platelets to change shape (become spiky) and become sticky. They stick to each other and the edges of the capillary • Chemical clotting

  17. Blood Clotting • Vascular spasm • Platelet plugs • Chemical clotting • The stimulus for clotting is a rough surface within a vessel, or a break in a vessel, which also creates a rough surface. The more damage there is the faster clotting begins. 15 to 120 seconds

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