Unit 5 How to Celebrate Holidays Text A Writing Three Thank-you Letters

1. Pre-reading Questions • Cultural Notes • Text Structure • Text Explanation • Useful Expressions • Review and Exercises • Writing Unit 5 How to Celebrate Holidays Text A Writing Three Thank-you Letters

2. Pre-reading Questions • Can you name some Chinese & Western Festivals? C: The Spring Festival, the Lantern Festival, the Dragon-boat Festival, the Mid-autumn Festival, the Double Ninth Festival etc. W: St. Valentine’s Day, Easter, Mother’s Day, Father’s Day, Halloween, Thanksgiving, Christmas etc. 2. Can you say something about the Thanksgiving day? If you think you need to express your thanks, who would you like to thank? And For what?

3. Cultural Notes • Thanksgiving: Thanksgiving is celebrated in the US on the fourth Thursday in November. For many Americans it is the most important holiday apart from Christmas. Schools, offices and most business close for Thanksgiving, and many people make the whole weekend a vacation. It is associated with the time when Europeans first came to North America. In 1620 the ship theMayflowerarrived, bringing about 150 people who today are usually calledPilgrims.

4. MayflowerⅡ

5. Cultural Notes:Thanksgiving Special Meal: Today people celebrate Thanksgiving to remember these early days. The most important part of celebration is a traditional dinner with foods that come from North America. The meal includes turkey, sweet potatoes and cranberries. The turkey is filled with stuffing or dressing, and many families have their own special recipe. Dessert is pumpkin made into a pie.

6. Celebrations:On Thanksgiving there are special television programs and sports events. In New York there is the Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade, when a long line of people wearing fancy costumes march through the streets with large balloons in the shape of imaginary characters. Thanksgiving is considered the beginning of the Christmas period, and the next day many people go out to shop for Christmas presents.

7. Pilgrims The term is referred to the 102 English people who sailed to America on the Mayflower in 1620. Their group included 35 Puritans whose aim was to create a safe religious community in the New World. The Pilgrims landed at Plymouth Rock, and they established the Plymouth colony. They arrived at the beginning of the hard winter and could not find enough to eat, so many of them died. In the next summer Native Americans showed them what foods were safe to eat and so they could save food for the next winter. They held a big celebration to thank God and the Native Americans for the fact that they had survived.

8. Native Americans Native Americans were living in North America for many of hundreds of years before Europeans reached the continent. For a long time white people called them Indians. Today many people do not like this name since it is based on a mistake: it was given to the people living in the Americas by Christopher Columbus who thought he had landed in India when he arrived in Americas. Instead, people prefer to usethe term Native Americans.

9. The United States Coast Guard The US military service that is controlled by the US Department of Transportation but becomes part of the US Navy during a war. It was established in 1915. The Coast Guard stops ships suspected of carrying drugs and other illegal goods, and can make arrests. It also keeps watch to see that other laws of the sea are obeyed, rescues ships in danger and has a weather service.

10. Part One (Paras 1-9) Letters of Giving-Thanks Part Two (Paras 10-16) Part Four (Paras 24-26) Part Three (Paras 17-23) Part Five: Text Structure

11. Scan para. 1 & 2 and tell: • Where did the writer spend that thanksgiving? • Where was he going? • How come he is so busy that day? under way: in motion or operation, having started and making progress航行中,工作中 • The nationwide medical reform is now under way. • 2008奥运会的准备工作正在进行中. • Preparations for the 2008 Olympic Games are now well under way. All the way自始至终any way 无论如何 By way of 经由,通过…的方法by virtue of 依靠,借助于

12. I was one of the Murizm(“军市一“号)’s several cooks and, quite the same as for folk ashore, this Thanksgiving morning had seen us busily preparing a traditional dinner featuring roast turkey. Paraphrase: I was one of the Murizm’s cooks at that time. On the morning of Thanksgiving Day, we, just like people ashore, were busy with preparing a traditional dinner that features roast turkey.

13. put away: 把…放好, 收好; • 她有个习惯就是, 看完书后就把书收好. • She has a habit of putting away her books after reading them. • You wash the dishes and I’ll put them away in the cupboard. 储蓄,存钱 • The old couple has put away a considerable sum of money for their future life.

14. I made my way out there, breathing in great, deep draughts while walking slowly about, still wearing my white cook’s hat. 译: 我信步走去,一边深深呼吸着空气,一边慢慢地踱着步, 头上还戴着那顶白色的厨师帽.

15. get to sth./doing sth.: 开始考虑, 做…事 • Recently I’ve got to wondering why I am doing the part-time job. • I’ll get to the accounts as soon as possible. • 经历了这次事件之后, 他开始对他周围的人好了. • Having gone through the accident, he got to treating people around him kindly. and the rest: and so on 等等 • The patient can have apples, apple sauce, and the rest. • The citizens are interested in the government’s policies on such important issues as health, education, tax, and the rest.

16. in quest of: seeking 寻求,探求 • Tony went to the school library in quest of Mark Twin’s novels. • 他们去加州寻找金子. • They went to California in quest of gold. reverse: v. 扭转,反转; adj. 相反的,反面的 n. 背面, 反面; n. 失败,挫折 • They have made it clear that they will not reverse the decision to increase prices. • Why don’t you reverse the order so that I play first and she plays second? • The financial reverses won’t discourage him.

17. turn over: think about思考; • Even when she didn’t say anything you could see her turning things over in her mind. • 他静静地坐在那里, 思考着那个问题. • He sat quietly, turning over the problem. 移交(控制权/所有权等) • The old lady turned the shop over to her granddaughter when she retired. repay: pay back, reward 偿还 • She repaid me the money. • 我该如何报答你对我的好呢? • How can I ever repay you for your kindness?

18. Not one time had I ever bothered to express to any of them so much as a simple, sincere “Thank you”. Paraphrase: I had never expressed my thanks to them, even a simple, sincere “thank you.” So much as “甚至” • He doesn’t so much as invite his best friends. • 他甚至连他最好的朋友都没邀请. • Mike left all of a sudden, without so much as a simple “bye-bye”. Summary for Part One(para1-9): The writer came up with the idea of ______________________________________________. expressing his gratitude to people who had helped him before.

19. I realized, swallowing hard, that half of them had since died----so they were forever beyond any possible expression of gratitude from me. Paraphrase: I feel terribly sorry since about half of them had died, so that they could never receive any expression of appreciation from me.

20. gratitude:感激(…to sb./for sth.) • It is my great pleasure to be here to express my sincere gratitude to my fellow members for electing me as your president. • 她对我们的帮忙表示感激. • She expressed her gratitude for our help. Sincere ~/ show ~/ feel ~/ deep ~ statement: Sth.that is said, esp. formally and officially 陈述, 声明 • The trade union issued a statement opposing racial discrimination. • In his newly-published book, Williams made a number of statements about modern life.

21. specific:具体的 specific description/purpose/details/facts • The new system made it easier for employers to recruit workers based on specific needs. • 你有没有一些对你要申请的工作有用的具体技能? • Do you have any specific skills that will be of use to you in the job you are applying for?

22. specific, special, especial & particular • 均有“特殊的、特别的”的意思。 • specific意思是具体的、特定的、明确的。例如： He gave us a specific statement of the case. 关于这个案子他向我们作了详尽的陈述。 Special意思是特殊的、专门的，强调某事物的特殊性或特殊用途。例如： This is a special case, deserving special treatment 这是一个特别案例，值得特殊处理。

23. particular意思是特殊的、特别的。强调事物的独特性、突出性。例如： This particular case is an exception to the rule. • Especial 是special的旧式的正式用语，用于强调。例如： We have an especial need of help at this time.

24. 1.我需要一个明确的回答。 • I want a specific answer. • 2.没有什么特别的。 • Nothing special. • 3.故事就发生在那一天。 • The story happened on that particular day. • 4.他特别不喜欢流行音乐。 He has an especial dislike for pop music.

25. on one’s behalf/ on the behalf of sb.:代表…, 为了…的利益. • He delivered a speech on the behalf of all the graduates on Graduation Day. • 律师代表当事人说话. • The lawyer spoke on behalf of his client.

26. impress:使重视, 给予强烈影响; 使…印象深刻 • The teacher tried to impress on his students the necessity of being honest. • 我父亲使我明白了努力工作的价值. • My father impressed on me the value of hard work. • Mr. Smith often impresses his students with humor in his speeches. • I was deeply impressed by/with his performance. impressive 动人的, 使人印象深刻的 impression n. 印象

27. diminish: make or become smaller or less vt/i. (使)减少, 变小 • Her patience with the children diminished as the hours went by. • Time will not diminish our friendship. • 沉重的工作负担并没有降低他对户外运动的热情. • The heavy workload does not diminish his enthusiasm for outdoor sports.

28. So many times I have felt a sadness when exposed to modern childrenso immersed in the electronic media that they have little or no awareness of the marvelous world to be discovered in books. Paraphrase: Ｉhave felt sorry for many times when I saw modern children immersed themselves in the electronic media to such an extent that it almost remained unknown to them that there is a marvelous world in books.

29. expose: leave uncovered; make accessible 使暴露, 使接触 Be exposed to暴露于; 与…接触 • It is feared that people living near the power station may have been exposed to radiation. • The immigrants’ children exposed to American pop culture often rebel when their parents try to impose the values they brought with them. • 这种植物不能暴露在强光下. • This plant can’t be exposed to strong sunshine.

30. immerse: over completely in a liquid; absorb deeply 使沉浸(在水中); 专心于 • I held my breath and immersed myself in water, trying to stay under water for as long as possible. • 约翰完全沉浸在电脑游戏中, 没有意识到周围发生的事情. • John was so immersed in playing the computer games that he was unaware of things happening around him. immerse, dunk & dip这几个词均有“浸（入）”的意思。 • immerse是正式用语，指把某物完全浸入液体中，也可以指陷 • 入或专心于某事。例如：

31. I immersed myself in work so as to stop thinking about her • dunk是非正式用语，指将某物部分置于液体中，动作慢且轻。例如： She used to dunk her biscuits in her tea. Dip是常用词，亦指将某物部分置于液体中，但马上便从液体中提出，其特点是小心谨慎或带有试探性。例如She dipped a toe in the water to see how cold it was.

32. assemble a) bring or call together in a group集合,集会 • Delegates were assembling in Geneva for the conference. b) fit together the parts or pieces of 组装 • It took me less than an hour to assemble the bookcase. Everyone ____ in the hall where they were welcomed by the secretary.[00-06, CET-6] A. Piled B. assembled C. joined D. accumulate B

33. Considerate of对…无微不至, 考虑周到 Considerable相当的, 非常的 sprinkle 洒, 喷洒 Sprinkle sth. on/over sth. Sprinkle water on the grass Sprinkle sth. with sth. Sprinkle the dish with pepper. Summary for part two (paras. 10-16) The writer wrote 3 thank-you letters to _________, __________, and _____________. his father Rev. Nelson his grandmother

34. accord: a) grant给予, 赠与 • The headmaster accorded me permission to attend the seminar. • 我们对他给予了热烈的欢迎. • We accorded a warm welcome to him. b) be in agreement (… with) (使)符合, 一致 • His behavior does not accord with his principles. • 我们应该言行一致. • What we say should accord with what we do. accord with 与…相一致 accord sth. to sb. 赠给… in accord with 与…一致, 融洽 of one’s own accord 主动,自愿 with one accord 全体一致地 in accordance with 根据 accordance. n. 符合, 一致, 和谐 accordingly. 相应地, 因此, 所以.

35. successive: following one after the other连续的, 不断的 • The Brazilian men’s soccer team has won three successive games so far. • 接二连三的恐怖袭击已经引起了所有人的关注. • The successive terrorism attacks have aroused the attention from all humanity. succession n. 连续, 连续不断的事物 in succession接连的 asuccessionofvictories 连续的胜利 successor后继者, 继承者 succeed. 继承, 继任.

36. One “mail call” brought me responses from Grandma, Dad, and the Reverend Nelson and my reading of their letters left me not only astonished but more humbled than before. Paraphrase: Then came the time when the loudspeaker called there was mail for us, I received three replies from Grandma, Dad and the Reverend Nelson. After reading them, I felt astonished, but more humbled than ever.

37. Undergo v. to go through, endure 经历, 遭受 Undergo great hardship/suffering 遭受巨大的艰难, 困苦 Undergo repair/surgery接受检修, 进行手术. • She has undergone a lot of sufferings during the last 20 years. • After the craft returned safely to Earth, Yang Liwei underwent immediate physical exam.

38. Aglance at Grandma’s familiar handwriting, brought backin a flash memories of standing alongside her white rocking chair, watching her “settin, down” some letter to relatives. Paraphrase: As I saw Grandma’s familiar handwriting, what instantly came to mind was the time when I stood beside her white rocking chair and watched her writing to relatives.

39. Bring back 使记起, 使回想起 • The smell of autumn always brings back memories of new terms at school. • The whole scene brought back the days of my childhood. Bring forward 把…提前(~ the party); 提出( ~ a plan) Bring about 导致, 使发生 Bring out 生产; 揭示 Bring through 拯救 , 救活

40. In a flash: 立刻, 一瞬间 • The 100-meter dash was over in a flash. A flash in the pan 昙花一现 A flash of lightning 闪电 A flash of hope一线希望 Summary for part three ( paras. 17-23) The writer got 3 letters in reply.

41. Go about 四处走动; 开始, 从事, 着手做 • How shall we go about the job? • 你怎样着手修理这台机器? • How do you go about repairing this telex machine? Go about with sb.和…常联系, 走动 • Nowadays it’s quite common to see freshmen go about with their girlfriends.

42. In the end we are mightily(在很大程度上, 非常)and merely people, each with similar needs. 译: 其实,我们都是十分相象的凡人, 有着相似的需求.

43. Summary for Part Four(para 24.~26) The writer wishes everyone to _______________________. find the good and praise it.

44. 认真思考 give serious thought to 真挚的文字 genuine statements 由衷的感激 heartfelt appreciation 渐渐地变成一种习惯 graduate into a habit of 电子媒体 electronic media 很少了解 have little awareness of 给…撒下美妙遐想 sprinkle … with stardust 按常规 in the routine 个人经历 personal experience 最重要的事 topmost priority

45. 围聚在…周围 cluster about 一把把 fistful of undergo swift changes 发生迅猛的变化 a rocking chair 摇椅 achieve world peace 实现世界和平 make a living as 靠当…为生 give sb. an insight into 使某人意识到 with similar needs 有着相似的需求 simple common sense 简单的常识 be paramount for 对…至关重要 向…表达充满爱意的谢意 express one’s loving gratefulness to…

46. Tell his son how he, as a teacher and father, felt content with him. Thank him for teaching the writer from boyhood to love books and reading. About his retirement with self-doubt, and the reassurance the letter brought to him. Thank him for his morning school prayers Thank him for teaching the writer how to tell the truth, to share, to be forgiving… Expresses her loving gratefulness for her grandson

47. Word Web hold cabin Put to sea afterdeck Be under way ship deck coastguardsman Be at sea sailor seaman shipmate

48. Key Points Review重点回顾 I was one of the Murzim’s several cooks and, quite the same as folks ashore, his Thanksgiving morning had seen us busily preparing a traditional dinner, featuring roast turkey.(现在分词作定语). 例: As early as 1647, Ohio made a decision that free, tax supported schools must be established in every t/wn _____ 1,000 households or more. (1998-01, CET-4) A. having B. to have C. to have had D. having had A

49. 分词作补语 例: After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys ______ to go to school.(97-01, CET-4) • to be encouraged B. been encouraged • being encouraged D. be encouraged 介词with引出分词独立结构,表示一种陪衬性动作或补充说明. C

50. 分词作状语 I made my way out there, breathing in great, deep draughts while walking slowly about, still wearing my white cook’s hat. (现在分词作状语) 例: _______ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth. (96-06, CET-4) A. Having believed B. Believing C. Believed D. Being believed B