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Understanding Tides: Gravitational Pull and Centripetal Force

Learn about the fascinating phenomenon of tides and how they are generated by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun, as well as the centripetal force of the rotating Earth. Explore the different types of tides, tidal patterns, and the factors that influence them.

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Understanding Tides: Gravitational Pull and Centripetal Force

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  1. Tides

  2. Tides are generated by: • the gravitational pull of the moon and sun • - moon has 2x greater gravitational pull than the • sun • - sun is 10 million x more massive than the • moon and is 390 times farther away • the centripetal force of the rotating earth • Diurnal Tide: 24 hr 50 min cycle • Semi DiurnalTide: 12 hr 25 min cycle • Mixed Tide: 12 hr 25 min cycle

  3. Tides Bulge of water Sun Earth A. Gravitational pull Moon Earth B. Centripetal force Moon center of mass Earth C. Gravitational pull & Centripetal force Moon

  4. Description of tides • High water: a water level maximum ("high tide") • Low water: a water level minimum ("low tide") • Tidal range: the difference between high and low tide • Spring Tide: full moon and new moon (14.77 days) • Neap Tide: 1st quarter and 3rd quarter (14.77 days) Intertidal zone High tide Low tide

  5. full moon earth earth new moon Spring Tide Highest high tide and lowest low tide

  6. 1st quarter moon earth 3rd quarter moon Neap Tide

  7. Tidal Patterns Semidiurnal tides- two high and two low per day; Cape Cod, MA (low latitudes) Diurnal tides- one high and one low per day; Mobile, AL (high latitudes) Mixed pattern tides- Two high and two low tides per day BUT with successive high tide levels that are VERY DIFFERENT from each other; Hawaii (mid latitudes) • Type of tide depends on: • Position on the globe • Water depth • Contour- shape of ocean basins

  8. Tidal Range 56 ft 6 ft

  9. Alma at High Tide Alma at Low Tide

  10. La Rance tidal power plant at St. Malo, France.

  11. Tidal Information http://life.bio.sunysb.edu/marinebio/mbweb.html HAWAIIAN ISLANDS Mean Spring Mean Tide Station Latitude Longitude Range Range Level Predictions SAND ISLAND, MIDWAY ISLANDS 28° 12.7' 177° 21.6' 0.8 1.2 0.6 Predictions Laysan Island 25° 46' 171° 45' 0.7 1.0 0.4 Predictions East Island, French Frigate Shoals 23° 47' 166° 13' 0.9 1.4 0.6 Predictions Nonopapa, Niihau Island 21° 52' 160° 14' 1.0 1.6 0.7 Predictions Kauai Island Waimea Bay 21° 57' 159° 40' 1.0 1.6 0.7 Predictions Port Allen, Hanapepe Bay 21° 54' 159° 35' 1.1 1.7 0.7 Predictions NAWILIWILI 21° 57.4' 159° 21.6' Predictions Hanamaulu Bay 22° 00' 159° 20' 0.0 1.2 1.8 Predictions Hanalei Bay 22° 13' 159° 30' 1.3 1.8 0.8 Predictions Oahu Island Haleiwa, Waialua Bay 21° 36' 158° 07' - - 1.6 0.7 Predictions Waianae 21° 27' 158° 12' 1.2 1.8 0.8 Predictions HONOLULU 21° 18' 157° 52' 1.3 2.0 0.8 Predictions Hanauma Bay 21° 17' 157° 42' 1.3 1.9 0.8 Predictions Waimanalo 21° 20' 157° 42' 1.1 1.8 0.8 Predictions MOKUOLOE 21° 26.2' 157° 47.6' 1.2 2.0 1.0 Predictions Waikane, Kaneohe Bay 21° 30' 157° 51' 1.4 2.2 1.1 Predictions

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