Chapter 35 lesson 4 More common Emergencies

1. Chapter 35 lesson 4More common Emergencies

2. Fractures • In applying first aid to fractures your main objective is to keep the bone end from moving • NEVER ATEMPT TO SET THE BONE • Keep the body part in the position it is in and immobilize it by securing a splint to the body part with lean lengths of clothes • You can form a splint form rolled newspaper and heavy cardboard

3. Sprains • Stretching or tearing of the soft tissue band or ligaments that hold bones together at a joint • Wrists knees and ankles are among the area most frequently sprained • USE R.I.C.E – Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation

4. Fainting • Temporary loss of consciousness brought on by a reduced supply of blood to the brain • Usually recover within a few minutes

5. First aid for Fainting • Do not prop the person up. Leave them lying down on their back. If possible elevate the legs 8 to 12 inches • Loosen any tight or binding clothing • Sponge the person’s face • If the person fails to revive promptly, seek medical help

6. Bee Stings • In most cases bee stings are minor emergencies and easily treated • People with allergies to bee stings can be very serious First aid • Take piece of cardboard or credit card or other flat sharp edged object to scrap the stinger away form the skin until you pull out the venom sac • Wash the area with soap and water • Administer adrenaline kit is needed

7. Objects in the Eye • Gently flush the eye out with water • Start at the edge nearest the nose and work outward • If this does not work cover both eyes and seek medical attention • DO NOT RUB, THIS CAN SCRATCH CORNEA

8. Minor Burns • Stop the burning by removing the victim fro the source of the burn • Cool the burn by soaking the burned area in cool water or using wet towel • Cover the burn wit dry, sterile dressing. This action helps prevent infection and reduces - Chemical burns should be flushed with large quantities of cool running water - Remove any clothing with chemical on it

9. Nosebleeds • Keep the person quite. Walking, talking, and blowing the nose may cause an increase in bleeding • Place the person in a sitting position and have them lean forward. You do not want to tilt the head back, this may cause person to choke as blood runs down the throat

10. Nose bleeds • Apply direct pressure (use protective barrier) • Apply a cold towel to person’s nose and face 5. Place cotton or gauze between upper lip and teeth to stop the bleeding

11. Weather related Emergencies

12. Frostbite • In extremely cold conditions, the body tries to conserve heat for its ore vital internal organs • Less blood is sent to the extremities • If temperature in body cells gets low enough, frostbite may occur • Frostbite is when ice crystals form in the spaces between the cells • This ice expands and kills tissue and in the process, causes the skin to loses color an become numb

13. Frostbite • Skin is Yellowish or gray and feels clammy or doughy.

14. Treating Frostbite • Never rub the affected area. Rewarm the frozen body part by soaking it in lukewarm water • Bandage the injured part, placing sheets of gauze between the warmed fingers and toes • Seek professional medical attention as soon as possible - If frostbitten area goes untreated, gangrene may set in

15. Heat Cramps • When the person is exposed to high temperatures over a prolonged period to time, the body loses essential water and salt • The result is heat cramps – muscle cramps, heavy sweating, headache and dizziness

16. Treating Heat Cramps • Move the victim, or help the victim move, out of the heat • Using your hands, apply firm pressure to the cramped muscle. Gently massage the muscle to relieve the spasm • Give sips of water plain water or a commercial sports drink • Give about 4 ounces every 15 minutes • Do not give too much water too quickly

17. Symptoms of heatstroke • No Sweating • Vomiting • Confusion • Irregular pulse • Unconsciousness

18. Treating Heatstroke