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行星、月球和太阳

行星、月球和太阳. 行星的肉眼观测. 金木水火土 行星总是在黄道附近 行星比一般恒星亮 金星 -3.3~-4.3 m ,与太阳距离小于 48  木星 -1.4~-2.5 m ,天狼星 -1.47 m 土星 1.2~-0.4 m , 火星 1.5~-2.9 m , 水星 2.5~-1.2 m ,与太阳距离小于 28  行星有视面,受大气扰动造成的闪烁较小且亮度稳定,恒星闪烁大. 合: Conjunction 上合: Superior Conjunction 下合: Inferior Conjunction

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行星、月球和太阳

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  1. 行星、月球和太阳

  2. 行星的肉眼观测 • 金木水火土 • 行星总是在黄道附近 • 行星比一般恒星亮 • 金星 -3.3~-4.3m,与太阳距离小于48 • 木星 -1.4~-2.5m,天狼星-1.47m • 土星 1.2~-0.4m, • 火星 1.5~-2.9m, • 水星 2.5~-1.2m,与太阳距离小于28 • 行星有视面,受大气扰动造成的闪烁较小且亮度稳定,恒星闪烁大

  3. 合:Conjunction 上合:Superior Conjunction 下合:Inferior Conjunction 东大距:Greatest Eastern Elongation 西大距:Greatest Western Elongation 冲:Opposition 东方照:Eastern Quadrature 西方照:Wastern Quadrature

  4. Prograde & Retrograde Motion

  5. Retrograde motion of the planets

  6. 开普勒(Kepler’s) Three Laws: • 行星沿椭圆形(elliptical)轨道围绕太阳公转。太阳位于椭圆的一个焦点上。 • 行星和太阳的连线在相同时间内扫过相同的面积。 • 轨道周期(Period)的平方正比于轨道半长轴(semi-major axis)的立方。P2(in Earth year)=a3(in AU)

  7. 月球角直径~31,半径是地球半径的27.28%,体积~2%,质量~1/81.3,表面重力是地表1/6。月球角直径~31,半径是地球半径的27.28%,体积~2%,质量~1/81.3,表面重力是地表1/6。 • 月球对地球的潮汐力是太阳对地球的2.27倍 • 月球在恒星之间向东运动每天约12 • 月球在天球上轨道-白道,与黄道交角59 • 月球有位相的变化29.53天,称为朔望月 • 月球绕地球转动时还不停自转,周期相同

  8. 月相变化 Lunar Phases

  9. 月食 Lunar Eclipse

  10. 日食 Solar Eclipse 色球层 Chromospheres

  11. 贝利珠 Baily Beads

  12. 日冕 Corona

  13. 黄道和白道

  14. 黄道和白道

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